Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cell Functional Identification Kit

To verify multipotency of rat mesenchymal stem cells by in vitro functional differentiation.

Why Functionally Verify Rat MSC Multipotency In Vitro?

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) can be characterized based on the expression of specific cell surface markers, the absence of hematopoietic markers, and adherence to plastic in vitro.

To more rigorously determine if a cell is truly an MSC, it is important to also verify its ability to differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes.

Functional verification of MSC multipotency in vitro:

• Uses defined supplements to drive reproducible trilineage differentiation.
• Verifies a healthy, multipotent starting MSC population to increase consistency between studies and reduce unwanted experimental variability.
• Meets one of the three recommended minimal criteria for MSC identification.

The term ‘mesenchymal stromal cells’ is commonly used to describe a heterogeneous population of cultured cells that are adherent to plastic, have a distinct morphology, and express a specific set of marker proteins. Within this heterogeneous population are cells referred to as ‘mesenchymal stem cells.’

Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent, self-renewing cells that have the ability to differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts when cultured in vitro. Read More about MSC Nomenclature

This kit contains the following reagents to drive rat MSC differentiation and a marker to analyze each of the three differentiated derivatives:

• Adipogenic Supplement
• Chondrogenic Supplement
• Osteogenic Supplement
• ITS Supplement
• Adipocyte marker: Goat Anti-Mouse FABP4 Antigen-affinity Purified Polyclonal Antibody
• Chondrocyte marker: Goat Anti-Human Aggrecan Antigen-affinity Purified Polyclonal Antibody
• Osteocyte marker: Mouse Anti-Human Osteocalcin Monoclonal Antibody

*This kit requires media (not included), such as Human/Mouse/Rat StemXVivo^® Osteogenic/Adipogenic Base Media (Catalog # CCM007) or equivalent.

This is enough media for the differentiation of 16 wells of a 24-well plate for osteogenic and adipogenic lineages and 10 chondrocyte pellets.

2006 Proposed Change to MSC Nomenclature

Although mesenchymal stromal cells were once referred to as ‘mesenchymal stem cells’, a change to ‘mesenchymal stromal cells’ was proposed by the International Society for Cellular Therapy in 2006.¹

The change in nomenclature originates from two important factors:

• Methods used to isolate mesenchymal stem cells yield a heterogeneous population of cells with only a fraction of these cells demonstrating multipotency.
• The absence of direct evidence that mesenchymal stem cells can self-renew and differentiate in vivo.

Use of Mesenchymal Stem and Stromal Cell Terminology

Data supporting MSC self-renewal and multipotency have been obtained using in vitro conditions, which does not adequately reflect the in vivo environment. The lack of in vivo data has led some researchers to question the validity of the term ‘mesenchymal stem cell’ providing further support for the use of ‘mesenchymal stromal cells’ to describe MSCs.² While ‘mesenchymal stromal cells’ may be the more scientifically accurate term for MSCs, the two terms are often used interchangeably in the literature. R&D Systems recognizes the use of both mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stromal cells and uses ‘MSC’ to indicate mesenchymal stem/stromal cells to account for both designations.

Definitions of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells

• Mesenchymal Stromal Cells – A heterogeneous population of cultured cells with similar characteristics such as the ability to adhere to plastic and the expression of specific marker proteins.
• Mesenchymal Stem Cells – A subpopulation of mesenchymal stromal cells that have the capacity to self-renew and differentiate into mesodermal lineages when cultured in vitro. The capacity to self-renew and differentiate in vivo has yet to be clearly demonstrated for mesenchymal stem cells.

References

• Dominici, M. et al. (2006) Cytotherapy 8:315.
• Keating, A. (2012) Cell Stem Cell 10:709.

The term 'mesenchymal stem cells' (MSCs) is most commonly used to describe multipotent self-renewing cells that can be differentiated in vitro to generate adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts. However, because these biological properties and hierarchical relationships remain to be clearly demonstrated in vivo, the term 'multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells' is often used to distinguish cultured cells from their in vivo precursors. Originally discovered in mouse bone marrow, multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells cultured from a variety of species and tissue types, have been shown to differentiate into progeny of additional lineages including, cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, hepatocytes, and neural cells. Again, the physiological relevance of these findings remains to be determined.