The vial is supposed to contain lyophilized protein but it appears to be empty. Is there anything in it?

Pellets can be dislodged during shipping and become disbursed on the vial wall and in the cap. Centrifuge or tap the vial on the benchtop to return this material to the vial bottom. If this does not reveal a pellet, closely inspect the cone of the vial. Some pellets appear as only a tiny amount of material or as a transparent film due to the original buffer formulation. This is a normal appearance for many proteins. For example, if the product is originally lyophilized from a solvent such as acetonitrile or ethanol, and supplied carrier-free, you may not be able to detect the pellet with the naked eye. This does not mean the vial is empty. Reconstitute the vial as directed. After reconstitution, protein concentration can be tested with a spectrophotometer.

What is the recommended method for reconstitution of a lyophilized protein or antibody?

Unless more specific directions are on the Certificate of Analysis provided with the product, we suggest the following procedure to ensure optimal recovery: 1. Allow the vial and reconstitution buffer to equilibrate to room temperature. 2. Briefly centrifuge the vial to ensure that all lyophiliate is collected at the bottom of the vial. 3. Add the amount of buffer required to achieve the concentration recommended on the product insert. 4. Allow the vial to reconstitute for 15-30 minutes at room temperature with gentle agitation, like on a rocker platform or rotating by hand. Avoid vigorous shaking that can cause foaming and protein denaturation. 5. Aliquot into volumes greater than 20 μL and store as indicated on the product insert. If the vial exhibits flakes or particulates, mix the product for a couple of hours at room temperature and then at 4oC overnight. Contact Technical Service if product does not go into solution.

Are R&D Systems recombinant proteins and antibodies sterile?

Although the vials are bottled using aseptic techniques, heat-treated vials, and sterile stock solutions, they are not considered or guaranteed to be sterile. If sterile material is needed for an experiment, the material can be filtered through a 0.2 micron filter designed for use with biological fluids.

Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera Protein, CF

Name: Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera Protein, CF
Brand: R&D Systems
SKU: 1086-PD
Rating: 5 (9 reviews)

R&D Systems, Inc. a Bio-Techne Brand

Catalog # 1086-PD

Citations (30)

(9)

Product Datasheet / COA / SDS

Catalog #

Availability

Size / Price

Qty

Setting the standard in quality research reagents

Key Product Details

Source:	NS0
Accession #:	Q15116.3
Structure / Form:	Disulfide-linked homodimer
Applications:	Binding Activity

View Full Technical Details for Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera Protein, CF

Product Specifications for Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera Protein, CF

Source

Mouse myeloma cell line, NS0-derived human PD-1 protein

Human PD-1 (Leu25-Gln167) Accession # Q15116.3	IEGRMD	Human IgG₁ (Pro100-Lys330)
N-terminus		C-terminus

Purity

>95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.

Endotoxin level

<0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

N-terminal sequence Analysis

Leu25

Predicted Molecular Mass

42.6 kDa (monomer)

SDS-PAGE

60 - 70 kDa, under reducing conditions.

Activity

Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. When Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera is immobilized at 0.1 µg/mL (100 µL/well), Recombinant Human B7-H1/PD-L1 Fc Chimera (Catalog # 156-B7) binds with a typical ED₅₀ of 0.15-0.75 μg/mL.

Scientific Data Examples for Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera Protein, CF

	Bioactivity of Human PD-1 Protein When Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera (Catalog # 1086-PD) is coated at 0.1 µg/mL, Recombinant Human B7-H1/PD-L1 Fc Chimera (156-B7) binds with a typical ED₅₀ of 0.15-0.75 µg/mL.

Formulation, Preparation and Storage

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

1086-PD

Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS.
Reconstitution	Reconstitute at 0.5 mg/mL in sterile PBS. Reconstitution Buffer Available: Size / Price Qty Loading... RB01:
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage:	Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied. 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution. 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Reconstitution Calculator

The reconstitution calculator allows you to quickly calculate the volume of a reagent to reconstitute your vial. Simply enter the mass of reagent and the target concentration and the calculator will determine the rest.

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Background: PD-1

PD-1 (Programmed Death-1 receptor), also known as CD279, is a receptor expressed on T cells responsible for modulating T cell activation. Like CTLA‑4, PD-1 is classified as an immune checkpoint inhibitory receptor. When PD-1 protein binds to PD-L1, it initiates a negative signaling cascade inhibiting activation of T cells. The cytoplasmic tail contains two tyrosine residues that form the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif (ITSM) that are important for mediating PD-1 signaling. Normally, PD-1 helps keep T cells from attacking other cells in the body. However, many cancers take advantage of this by expressing high amounts of PD-L1 allowing cancer cells to evade the body's own immune response. Blocking the PD-1:PD-L1 interaction has proven successful in treating many different cancer types.

PD-1 protein is type I transmembrane receptor belonging to the CD28 family of immune regulatory receptors (1). Other members of this family include CD28, CTLA‑4, ICOS, and BTLA (2-5). Mature human PD-1 consists of an extracellular region (ECD) with one immunoglobulin-like V‑type domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic region. The mature ECD of human PD-1 shares 61% amino acid sequence identity with mouse PD-1 ECD. PD-1 protein acts as a monomeric receptor and interacts in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio with its ligands PD-L1 (B7-H1) and PD-L2 (B7-DC) (6, 7). PD‑1 is expressed on activated T cells, B cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells while PD-L1 expression is constitutive on the same cells and also on nonhematopoietic cells such as lung endothelial cells and hepatocytes (8, 9). Ligation of PD-L1 with PD-1 induces co-inhibitory signals on T cells promoting their apoptosis, anergy, and functional exhaustion (10). Thus, the PD-1:PD-L1 interaction is a key regulator of the threshold of immune response and peripheral immune tolerance (11).

Item	Value
References	Ishida, Y. et al. (1992) EMBO J. 11:3887. Sharpe, A.H. and G.J. Freeman (2002) Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2:116. Coyle, A. and J. Gutierrez-Ramos (2001) Nat. Immunol. 2:203. Nishimura, H. and T. Honjo (2001) Trends Immunol. 22:265. Watanabe, N. et al. (2003) Nat. Immunol. 4:670. Zhang, X. et al. (2004) Immunity 20:337. Lázár-Molnár, E. et al. (2008) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105:10483. Nishimura, H. et al. (1996) Int. Immunol. 8:773. Keir, M.E. et al. (2008) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 26:677. Butte, M.J. et al. (2007) Immunity 27:111. Okazaki, T. et al. (2013) Nat. Immunol. 14:1212. Iwai, Y. et al. (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99:12293. Nogrady, B. (2014) Nature 513:S10.
Long Name	Programmed Death-1
Entrez Gene IDs	5133 (Human); 18566 (Mouse); 301626 (Rat); 100533201 (Porcine); 486213 (Canine); 102123659 (Cynomolgus Monkey)
Alternate Names	CD279, CD279 antigen, PD-1, PD1, PD1hPD-l, PDCD1, Protein PD-1, SLEB2, hPD-1, programmed cell death 1, programmed cell death protein 1

Citations for Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera Protein, CF (30)

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Citations are publications that use Bio-Techne products. Selected citations for Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera Protein, CF include:

Species: Human
Sample Types: Recombinant Proteins
Applications: Bioassay

R Zhang et al. (2022), D-mannose facilitates immunotherapy and radiotherapy of triple-negative breast cancer via degradation of PD-L1 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119(8).
PMID: 35181605
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay

N Erlichman et al. (2022), Tumor Cell-Autonomous Pro-Metastatic Activities of PD-L1 in Human Breast Cancer Are Mediated by PD-L1-S283 and Chemokine Axes Cancers, 14(4).
PMID: 35205789
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay

Q Wang et al. (2022), Regulation of PD-L1 through direct binding of cholesterol to CRAC motifs Science Advances, 8(34):eabq4722.
PMID: 36026448
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: In Vivo
Applications: In Vivo

T Phakham et al. (2022), Highly efficient hybridoma generation and screening strategy for anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody development Scientific Reports, 12(1):17792.
PMID: 36273231
Species: Human
Sample Types: Phage
Applications: Bioassay

SS Ghaderi et al. (2022), Development of a human phage display-derived anti-PD-1 scFv antibody: an attractive tool for immune checkpoint therapy BMC biotechnology, 22(1):22.
PMID: 35996120
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay

C Vetrei et al. (2021), Immunomodulatory mAbs as Tools to Investigate on Cis-Interaction of PD-1/PD-L1 on Tumor Cells and to Set Up Methods for Early Screening of Safe and Potent Combinatorial Treatments Cancers, 13(12).
PMID: 34201082
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Binding Assay

Y Ren et al. (2021), TRAPPC4 regulates the intracellular trafficking of PD-L1 and antitumor immunity Nature Communications, 12(1):5405.
PMID: 34518538
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Fluorescence Assay

JJ Park et al. (2021), Checkpoint inhibition through small molecule-induced internalization of programmed death-ligand 1 Nature Communications, 12(1):1222.
PMID: 33619272
Species: Human
Sample Types: Protein
Applications: Bioassay

CJ Edwards et al. (2021), The multi-specific VH-based Humabody CB213 co-targets PD1 and LAG3 on T cells to promote anti-tumour activity British Journal of Cancer, 0(0).
PMID: 34969998
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
Applications: ELISA Capture

N Silva-Pili et al. (2020), Long-Term Systemic Expression of a Novel PD-1 Blocking Nanobody from an AAV Vector Provides Antitumor Activity without Toxicity Biomedicines, 8(12).
PMID: 33276580
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Cell Culture

C Li et al. (2020), Repurposing screen identifies Amlodipine as an inducer of PD-L1 degradation and antitumor immunity Oncogene, 0(0).
PMID: 33323966
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay

D Zhu et al. (2020), Deubiquitinating enzyme OTUB1 promotes cancer cell immunosuppression via preventing ER-associated degradation of immune checkpoint protein PD-L1 Cell Death and Differentiation, 0(0).
PMID: 33328570
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: ICC

N Zhang et al. (2019), SA-49, a novel aloperine derivative, induces MITF-dependent lysosomal degradation of PD-L1 EBioMedicine, 0(0).
PMID: 30711516
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry

W Wang et al. (2019), Upregulation of PD-L1 via HMGB1-activated IRF3 and NF-kB contributes to UV radiation-induced immune suppression Cancer Res., 0(0).
PMID: 30737234
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay

M Passariell et al. (2019), Novel Human Anti-PD-L1 mAbs Inhibit Immune-Independent Tumor Cell Growth and PD-L1 Associated Intracellular Signalling Sci Rep, 9(1):13125.
PMID: 31511565
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay

M Liberelle et al. (2019), MUC4-ErbB2 Oncogenic Complex: Binding studies using Microscale Thermophoresis Sci Rep, 9(1):16678.
PMID: 31723153
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay

B Shao et al. (2018), Deglycosylation of PD-L1 by 2-deoxyglucose reverses PARP inhibitor-induced immunosuppression in triple-negative breast cancer Am J Cancer Res, 8(9):1837-1846.
PMID: 30323975
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
Applications: ELISA (Capture)

A Osa et al. (2018), Clinical implications of monitoring nivolumab immunokinetics in non-small cell lung cancer patients JCI Insight, 3(19).
PMID: 30282824
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry

H Wang et al. (2018), HIP1R targets PD-L1 to lysosomal degradation to alter T cell-mediated cytotoxicity Nat. Chem. Biol., 0(0).
PMID: 30397328
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: ICC

CW Li et al. (2018), Eradication of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells by Targeting Glycosylated PD-L1 Cancer Cell, 33(2):187-201.e10.
PMID: 29438695
Sample Types: Protein
Applications: Bioassay

Samit Chatterjee (2016), Rapid PD-L1 detection in tumors with PET using a highly specific peptide Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun, 0(0).
PMID: 28025143
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay

(2016), Glycosylation and stabilization of programmed death ligand-1 suppresses T-cell activity Nat Commun, 7(0):12632.
PMID: 27572267
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay

(2016), Aberrant PD-L1 expression through 3'-UTR disruption in multiple cancers Nature, 0(0).
PMID: 27281199
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay

Yang Y et al. (2015), B7-H1 enhances proliferation ability of gastric cancer stem-like cells as a receptor. Oncol Lett, 9(4):1833-1838.
PMID: 25789052
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
Applications: ELISA (Standard)

Melendreras S et al. (2014), Soluble co-signaling molecules predict long-term graft outcome in kidney-transplanted patients. PLoS ONE, 9(12):e113396.
PMID: 25478957
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay

Steidl C et al. (2011), MHC class II transactivator CIITA is a recurrent gene fusion partner in lymphoid cancers. Nature, 471(7338):377-81.
PMID: 21368758
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay

Kim YS et al. (2008), Cross-linking of B7-H1 on EBV-transformed B cells induces apoptosis through reactive oxygen species production, JNK signaling activation, and fasL expression. J. Immunol., 181(9):6158-69.
PMID: 18941206
Species: N/A
Sample Types: N/A
Applications: ELISA (Standard)

Sakthivel P et al. (2007), Programmed Death-1: from gene to protein in autoimmune human myasthenia gravis. J. Neuroimmunol., 193(1):149-55.
PMID: 18037500
Wan B et al. (2006), Aberrant regulation of synovial T cell activation by soluble costimulatory molecules in rheumatoid arthritis. J. Immunol., 177(12):8844-50.
PMID: 17142787
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
Applications: ELISA (Capture)

Brahmer J et al. (0), Phase I study of single-agent anti-programmed death-1 (MDX-1106) in refractory solid tumors: safety, clinical activity, pharmacodynamics, and immunologic correlates. J Clin Onco28(19):3167-75.
PMID: 20516446

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Customer Reviews for Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera Protein, CF (9)

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Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera Protein, CF

Name: Anonymous

Application: In vitro bioactivity in cell culture

Verified Customer | Posted 06/26/2020
Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera Protein, CF

Name: Anonymous

Application: Binding assay/Protein-protein interaction

Verified Customer | Posted 01/15/2020
Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera Protein, CF

Name: Anonymous

Application: Binding assay/Protein-protein interaction

Verified Customer | Posted 01/12/2020
Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera Protein, CF

Name: Anonymous

Application: Binding assay/Protein-protein interaction

Verified Customer | Posted 11/22/2019

Cells expressing a negative control (left) or hPD-L1 mCherry (right) were treated with 0.25 ug of hPD-1 hIgG1. Cells were analyzed by flow cytometry with binding detected using an anti-human 488 secondary antibody.
Name: Anonymous

Application: Binding assay/Protein-protein interaction

Verified Customer | Posted 08/20/2018
Name: Anonymous

Application: Binding assay/Protein-protein interaction

Verified Customer | Posted 12/08/2017
Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera Protein, CF

Name: Jenna Nguyen

Application: Binding assay/Protein-protein interaction

Verified Customer | Posted 11/03/2017
Name: Sam Mullapudi

Verified Customer | Posted 04/21/2017
Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera Protein, CF

Name: Songbo Qiu

Application: Binding assay/Protein-protein interaction

Verified Customer | Posted 07/08/2016

Sorry that I just rate the catalog based on my alike recombinant PD1 peptide. I have one question for the peptide. Owing the Ig like peptide with Fc fragment. So when we detect it binding to PDL1 on cell assay, it is difficult to get definite conclusion if it is PDL1 binding or others.My protocol is as below:-Cells with PDL1 high level was treated by PD1 like peptide,-4degree 1hr-collected and lysis-WB by anti-IgG to Fc recognization.Result: weak signal. you don't know if it is non-specific binding

Bio-Techne Response

Thank you for reviewing our product. We are sorry to hear that this antibody did not perform as expected. We have been in touch with the customer to resolve this issue according to our Product Guarantee and to the customer’s satisfaction.

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FAQs for Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera Protein, CF

The vial is supposed to contain lyophilized protein but it appears to be empty. Is there anything in it?

Pellets can be dislodged during shipping and become disbursed on the vial wall and in the cap. Centrifuge or tap the vial on the benchtop to return this material to the vial bottom. If this does not reveal a pellet, closely inspect the cone of the vial. Some pellets appear as only a tiny amount of material or as a transparent film due to the original buffer formulation. This is a normal appearance for many proteins. For example, if the product is originally lyophilized from a solvent such as acetonitrile or ethanol, and supplied carrier-free, you may not be able to detect the pellet with the naked eye. This does not mean the vial is empty. Reconstitute the vial as directed. After reconstitution, protein concentration can be tested with a spectrophotometer.
What is the recommended method for reconstitution of a lyophilized protein or antibody?

Unless more specific directions are on the Certificate of Analysis provided with the product, we suggest the following procedure to ensure optimal recovery: 1. Allow the vial and reconstitution buffer to equilibrate to room temperature. 2. Briefly centrifuge the vial to ensure that all lyophiliate is collected at the bottom of the vial. 3. Add the amount of buffer required to achieve the concentration recommended on the product insert. 4. Allow the vial to reconstitute for 15-30 minutes at room temperature with gentle agitation, like on a rocker platform or rotating by hand. Avoid vigorous shaking that can cause foaming and protein denaturation. 5. Aliquot into volumes greater than 20 μL and store as indicated on the product insert. If the vial exhibits flakes or particulates, mix the product for a couple of hours at room temperature and then at 4^oC overnight. Contact Technical Service if product does not go into solution.
Are R&D Systems recombinant proteins and antibodies sterile?

Although the vials are bottled using aseptic techniques, heat-treated vials, and sterile stock solutions, they are not considered or guaranteed to be sterile. If sterile material is needed for an experiment, the material can be filtered through a 0.2 micron filter designed for use with biological fluids.

Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera Protein, CF

R&D Systems, Inc. a Bio-Techne Brand

Key Product Details

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Product Specifications for Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera Protein, CF

Scientific Data Examples for Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera Protein, CF

Formulation, Preparation and Storage

Carrier Free

Reconstitution Calculator

Background: PD-1

Citations for Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera Protein, CF (30)

Customer Reviews for Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera Protein, CF (9)

Customer Images

Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera Protein, CF

Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera Protein, CF

Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera Protein, CF

Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera Protein, CF

Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera Protein, CF

Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera Protein, CF

FAQs for Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera Protein, CF

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