PC-3 human prostate carcinoma cell line was stained with Mouse anti-human TGF beta 1 (Catalog # MAB10502, filled histogram) or Mouse IgG2B isotype control (MAB0041, open histogram) followed by Allophycocyanin-conjugated anti-Mouse IgG Secondary Antibody (F0101B). To facilitate intracellular staining, cells were fixed and permeabilized with FlowX FoxP3/Transcription Factor Fixation & Perm Buffer Kit (FC012). Staining was performed using our Staining Intracellular Molecules protocol.

Applications for Human TGF-beta 1 Antibody

Application

Recommended Usage

CyTOF-ready

Ready to be labeled using established conjugation methods. No BSA or other carrier proteins that could interfere with conjugation.

Intracellular Staining by Flow Cytometry

0.25 µg/10⁶ cells
Sample: PC-3 human prostate carcinoma cell line fixed and permeabilized with FlowX FoxP3/Transcription Factor Fixation & Perm Buffer Kit (Catalog # FC012)

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Purification

Protein A or G purified from hybridoma culture supernatant

Reconstitution

Reconstitute at 0.5 mg/mL in sterile PBS. For liquid material, refer to CoA for concentration.

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.

Shipping

Lyophilized product is shipped at ambient temperature. Liquid small pack size (-SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: TGF-beta 1

TGF-beta 1 (transforming growth factor beta 1) is one of three closely related mammalian members of the large TGF-beta superfamily that share a characteristic cystine knot structure (1‑7). TGF-beta 1, -2 and -3 are highly pleiotropic cytokines that are proposed to act as cellular switches that regulate processes such as immune function, proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (1‑4). Each TGF-beta isoform has some non‑redundant functions; for TGF-beta 1, mice with targeted deletion show defects in hematopoiesis and endothelial differentiation, and die of overwhelming inflammation (2). Human TGF‑ beta1 cDNA encodes a 390 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 29 aa signal peptide and a 361 aa proprotein (8). A furin‑like convertase processes the proprotein to generate an N‑terminal 249 aa latency‑associated peptide (LAP) and a C‑terminal 112 aa mature TGF‑ beta1 (8, 9). Disulfide‑linked homodimers of LAP and TGF‑ beta1 remain non‑covalently associated after secretion, forming the small latent TGF‑ beta1 complex (8‑10). Covalent linkage of LAP to one of three latent TGF‑ beta binding proteins (LTBPs) creates a large latent complex that may interact with the extracellular matrix (9, 10). TGF‑ beta is activated from latency by pathways that include actions of the protease plasmin, matrix metalloproteases, thrombospondin 1 and a subset of integrins (10). Mature human TGF‑ beta1 shares 100% aa identity with pig, dog and cow TGF‑ beta1, and 99% aa identity with mouse, rat and horse TGF‑ beta1. It demonstrates cross‑species activity (1). TGF‑ beta1 signaling begins with high‑affinity binding to a type II ser/thr kinase receptor termed TGF‑ beta RII. This receptor then phosphorylates and activates a second ser/thr kinase receptor, TGF‑ beta RI (also called activin receptor‑like kinase (ALK) ‑5), or alternatively, ALK‑1. This complex phosphorylates and activates Smad proteins that regulate transcription (3, 11, 12). Contributions of the accessory receptors betaglycan (also known as TGF‑ beta RIII) and endoglin, or use of Smad‑independent signaling pathways, allow for disparate actions observed in response to TGF‑ beta in different contexts (11).

References

Derynck, R. and K. Miyazono (2008) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 29.
Dunker, N. and K. Krieglstein (2000) Eur. J. Biochem. 267:6982.
Wahl, S.M. (2006) Immunol. Rev. 213:213.
Chang, H. et al. (2002) Endocr. Rev. 23:787.
Lin, J.S. et al. (2006) Reproduction 132:179.
Hinck, A.P. et al. (1996) Biochemistry 35:8517.
Mittl, P.R.E. et al. (1996) Protein Sci. 5:1261.
Derynck, R. et al. (1985) Nature 316:701.
Miyazono, K. et al. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263:6407.
Oklu, R. and R. Hesketh (2000) Biochem. J. 352:601.
de Caestecker, M. et al. (2004) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 15:1.
Zuniga, J.E. et al. (2005) J. Mol. Biol. 354:1052.

Long Name

Transforming Growth Factor beta 1

Alternate Names

TGF beta1, TGFB, TGFB1, TGFbeta 1

Entrez Gene IDs

7040 (Human); 21803 (Mouse); 59086 (Rat); 397078 (Porcine); 100033900 (Equine)

Gene Symbol

TGFB1

UniProt

P01137 (Human)

Additional TGF-beta 1 Products

Product Documents for Human TGF-beta 1 Antibody

Product Datasheets

Download Product Datasheets

COA

SDS

Download SDS

Product Specific Notices for Human TGF-beta 1 Antibody

For research use only

Citations
Reviews

Calculators
Flow Cytometry

Human TGF-beta 1 Antibody

R&D Systems, part of Bio-Techne | Catalog # MAB10502

Key Product Details

Species Reactivity

Validated:

Cited:

Applications

Validated:

Cited:

Label

Antibody Source

View all TGF-beta 1 Antibodies »

Product Specifications

Immunogen

Specificity

Clonality

Host

Isotype

Scientific Data Images for Human TGF-beta 1 Antibody

Detection of TGF-beta 1 in PC-3 Human Cell Line by Flow Cytometry.