Recombinant Human Activin A (HEK293 derived) Protein, CF New

Name: Recombinant Human Activin A (HEK293 derived) Protein, CF
Brand: R&D Systems
SKU: 11344-AC

Catalog # 11344-AC | R&D Systems, Inc. a Bio-Techne Brand

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Key Product Details

Source:	HEK293
Accession #:	P08476.2
Applications:	Bioactivity

View Full Technical Details for Recombinant Human Activin A (HEK293 derived) Protein, CF

Technical Data
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Product Specifications for Recombinant Human Activin A (HEK293 derived) Protein, CF

Source	Human embryonic kidney cell, HEK293-derived human Activin A protein Gly311-Ser426
Purity	>95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
Endotoxin level	<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.
N-terminal sequence Analysis	Gly311
Predicted Molecular Mass	13 kDa
SDS-PAGE	13 kDa
Activity	Measured by its ability to induce hemoglobin expression in K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Schwall, R.H. et al. (1991) Method Enzymol. 198:340. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.200-1.60 ng/mL.

Scientific Data Examples for Recombinant Human Activin A (HEK293 derived) Protein, CF

	Recombinant Human Activin A (HEK293 derived) Protein Bioactivity. Recombinant Human Activin A (HEK293 derived) induces hemoglobin expression in K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.200-1.60 ng/mL.
	Recombinant Human Activin A (HEK293 derived) Protein SDS-PAGE. 2 μg/lane of Recombinant Human Activin A (HEK293 derived) Protein (Catalog # 11344-AC) was resolved with SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) and non-reducing (NR) conditions and visualized by Coomassie® Blue staining, showing bands at 14 kDa and 24 kDa, respectively.

Formulation, Preparation and Storage

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

11344-AC

Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA with Trehalose.
Reconstitution	Reconstitute 20 μg size at 100 μg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl. Reconstitute all other sizes at 500 μg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl.
Shipping	The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage:	Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied. 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution. 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Reconstitution Calculator

The reconstitution calculator allows you to quickly calculate the volume of a reagent to reconstitute your vial. Simply enter the mass of reagent and the target concentration and the calculator will determine the rest.

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Background: Activin A

Activin and Inhibin are members of the TGF-beta superfamily of cytokines and are involved in a wide range of biological processes including tissue morphogenesis and repair, fibrosis, inflammation, neural development, hematopoiesis, reproductive system function, and carcinogenesis (1‑7). Activin and Inhibin are produced as precursor proteins. Their amino terminal propeptides are proteolytically cleaved and facilitate formation of disulfide-linked dimers of the bioactive proteins (8, 9). Activins are nonglycosylated homodimers or heterodimers of various beta subunits ( beta A, beta B, beta C, and beta E in mammals), while Inhibins are heterodimers of a unique alpha subunit and one of the beta subunits. Activin A is a widely expressed homodimer of two beta A chains. The beta A subunit can also heterodimerize with a beta B or beta C subunit to form Activin AB and Activin AC, respectively (10). The 14 kDa mature human beta A chain shares 100% amino acid sequence identity with bovine, feline, mouse, porcine, and rat beta A. Activin A exerts its biological activities by binding to the type 2 serine/threonine kinase Activin RIIA which then noncovalently associates with the type 1 serine/threonine kinase Activin RIB/ALK-4 (7, 11). Signaling through this receptor complex leads to Smad activation and regulation of activin-responsive gene transcription (7, 11). The bioactivity of Activin A is regulated by a variety of mechanisms (11). BAMBI, Betaglycan, and Cripto are cell‑associated molecules that function as decoy receptors or limit the ability of Activin A to induce receptor complex assembly (12‑14). The intracellular formation of Activin A can be prevented by the incorporation of the beta A subunit into Activin AC or Inhibin A (3, 10). And the bioavailability of Activin A is restricted by its incorporation into inactive complexes with alpha 2-Macroglobulin, Follistatin, and FLRG (15, 16). Activin A is involved in the differentiation of various cell and tissue types. The induction of definitive endoderm by Activin A is required in differentiation protocols of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) (17, 18). In vitro models of human gametogenesis use prolonged Activin A supplementation to human embryonic stem cells for differentiation into human primordial germ cell-like cells (19). Activin A can also be used to maintain cells in vitro, as is the case for iPSC-derived nephron cells that can then be used in disease modeling, drug screening and in regenerative medicine (20). Activin A is an important factor for tumor cells to evade the immune system as Activin A can act on surrounding immune cells to decrease their antitumor activity (21). Activin A also promotes migration and growth of tumors, making it a target for cancer therapies (22). Specifically, research has shown that interfering with Activin A activity can assist in overcoming CD8 T-cell exclusion and immunotherapy resistance (23). In bone marrow-derived stem cell transplants for treatment of diabetes, Activin A enhances migration and homing of stem cells towards pancreatic lineage (24).

Item	Value
References	Kumanov, P. et al. (2005) Reprod. Biomed. Online 10:786. Maeshima, A. et al. (2008) Endocr. J. 55:1. Rodgarkia-Dara, C. et al. (2006) Mutat. Res. 613:123. Werner, S. and C. Alzheimer (2006) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 17:157. Xu, P. and A.K. Hall (2006) Dev. Biol. 299:303. Shav-Tal, Y. and D. Zipori (2002) Stem Cells 20:493. Chen, Y.G. et al. (2006) Exp. Biol. Med. 231:534. Gray, A.M. and A.J. Mason (1990) Science 247:1328. Mason, A.J. et al. (1996) Mol. Endocrinol. 10:1055. Thompson, T.B. et al. (2004) Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 225:9. Harrison, C.A. et al. (2005) Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 16:73. Onichtchouk, D. et al. (1999) Nature 401:480. Gray, P.C. et al. (2002) Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 188:254. Kelber, J.A. et al. (2008) J. Biol. Chem. 283:4490. Phillips, D.J. et al. (1997) J. Endocrinol. 155:65. Schneyer, A. et al. (2003) Endocrinology 144:1671. Ghorbani-Dalini, S. et al. (2020) 3 Biotech. 10:215. Mennen, R. H. et al. (2022) Reprod Toxicol. 107:44. Mishra, S. et al. (2021) Stem Cells. 39:551. Tanigawa, S. et al. (2019) Stem Cell Reports 13:322. Cangkrama, M. et al. (2020) Trends Mol. Med. 26:1107. Ries, A. et al. (2020) Expert Opin. Ther. Targets. 24:985. Pinjusic, K. et al. (2022) J. Immunother. Cancer. 10:e004533. Dadheech, N. et al. (2020) Stem Cell Res. Ther. 11:327.
Entrez Gene IDs	3624 (Human); 16323 (Mouse); 29200 (Rat)
Alternate Names	Activin A, Activin beta-A chain, Erythroid differentiation protein, FSH-releasing protein, Inhibin, beta-1, activin AB alpha polypeptide, erythroid differentiation factor, follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing protein, inhibin beta A chain, inhibin beta A subunit

Citations for Recombinant Human Activin A (HEK293 derived) Protein, CF

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Recombinant Human Activin A (HEK293 derived) Protein, CF New

Catalog # 11344-AC | R&D Systems, Inc. a Bio-Techne Brand

Key Product Details

Product Specifications for Recombinant Human Activin A (HEK293 derived) Protein, CF

Scientific Data Examples for Recombinant Human Activin A (HEK293 derived) Protein, CF

Formulation, Preparation and Storage

Carrier Free

Reconstitution Calculator

Background: Activin A

Citations for Recombinant Human Activin A (HEK293 derived) Protein, CF

Product Documents for Recombinant Human Activin A (HEK293 derived) Protein, CF

Product Datasheets

COA

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SDS

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