Source	Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line, CHO-derived Dkk-1 protein Thr32-His266
Purity	>90%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
Endotoxin level	<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.
N-terminal sequence Analysis	Thr32
Predicted Molecular Mass	26 kDa
SDS-PAGE	35-39 kDa, under reducing conditions
Activity	Measured by its ability to inhibit Wnt induced TCF reporter activity in HEK293 human embryonic kidney cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 12.5-100 ng/mL.

Recombinant Cynomolgus/Rhesus Macaque Dkk-1 Protein, CF Scientific Data Examples

	Recombinant Cynomolgus/Rhesus Macaque Dkk-1 Protein Bioactivity Recombinant Cynomolgus Monkey/Rhesus Macaque Dkk-1 (10450-DK) inhibits Recombinant Mouse Wnt-3a (1324-WN) induced TCF reporter activity in HEK293 human embryonic kidney cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 12.5-100 ng/mL.

Formulation, Preparation and Storage

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

10450-DK

Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS.
Reconstitution	Reconstitute at 500 μg/mL in PBS.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage:	Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied. 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution. 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Reconstitution Calculator

The reconstitution calculator allows you to quickly calculate the volume of a reagent to reconstitute your vial. Simply enter the mass of reagent and the target concentration and the calculator will determine the rest.

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Background: Dkk-1

Dickkopf related protein 1 (Dkk-1) is the founding member of the Dickkopf family of proteins that includes Dkk-1, -2, -3, -4, and a related protein, Soggy (1, 2). Dkk proteins are secreted proteins that contain two conserved cysteine-rich domains separated by a linker region. Each domain contains ten cysteine residues (1‑3). Mature Cynomolgus/rhesus Dkk-1 is a 40 kDa glycosylated protein that shares 99% amino acid sequence identity with human Dkk-1. Dkk-1 and Dkk-4 are well documented antagonists of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway (1, 2). This pathway is activated by Wnt engagement of a receptor complex composed of the Frizzled proteins and one of two low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins, LRP5 or LRP6 (4). The C-terminal cysteine-rich domain 2 (CRD2) of Dkk-1 has been shown to interact with LRP5 or LRP6 (5). Dkk-1 antagonizes Wnt by forming ternary complexes of LRP5/6 with Kremen1 or Kremen2 (4, 6). Dkk‑1/LRP6/Krm2 complex internalization has been shown to down-regulate Wnt signaling (4, 6). Dkk-1 is expressed throughout development and antagonizes Wnt-7a during limb development (7, 8). Other sites of expression include developing neurons, hair follicles and the retina of the eye (9, 10). The balance between Wnt signaling and Dkk-1 inhibition is critical for bone formation and homeostasis (11). Insufficient or excess Dkk-1 activity in bone results in increased or decreased bone density, respectively (9, 12). In adults, Dkk-1 is expressed in osteoblasts and osteocytes, and neurons. Cerebral ischemia induces Dkk-1 expression, which contributes to neuronal cell death (13).

Item	Value
References	Krupnik, V.E. et al. (1999) Gene 238:301. Niehrs, C. (2006) Oncogene 25:7469. Bullock, C.M. et al. (2004) Mol. Pharmacol. 65:582. Mao, B. et al. (2001) Nature 411:321. Kimura, H. et al. (2016) J Clin Invest. 126:7. Mao, B. et al. (2002) Nature 417:664. Kemp, C. et al. (2005) Dev. Dyn. 233:1064. Adamska, M. et al. (2004) Dev. Biol. 272:134. Li, J. et al. (2006) Bone 36:754. Verani, R. et al. (2006) J. Neurochem. 101:242. Pinzone, J.J. et al. (2009) Blood 113:517. Morvan, F. et al. (2006) J. Bone Miner. Res. 21:934. Cappuccio, I. et al. (2005) J. Neurosci. 25:2647.
Long Name	Dickkopf-1
Entrez Gene IDs	22943 (Human); 13380 (Mouse); 102123735 (Cynomolgus Monkey)
Alternate Names	Dickkopf-1, Dkk-1, Dkk1, SKdickkopf-1 like, dickkopf (Xenopus laevis) homolog 1, dickkopf homolog 1 (Xenopus laevis), dickkopf related protein-1, dickkopf-related protein 1, hDkk-1

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Recombinant Cynomolgus/Rhesus Macaque Dkk-1 Protein, CF

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