V-set and transmembrane domain-containing protein 4 (VSTM4) is a single-pass type I membrane protein in the immunoglobulin superfamily. Human VSTM4 is synthesized as a 320 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 23 aa signal sequence, 157 aa extracellular region, 21 aa TM domain, and 119 aa cytoplasmic tail. In humans, part of the extracellular region is cleaved into a 50 aa secreted peptide (aa 55-104) compared to mouse, which is cleaved into a 49 aa peptide (aa 55-103) (1). Because of its role in enhancing L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (L-VGCC) currents in photoreceptors, this peptide was named peptide Lv (1). Peptide Lv is expressed in the central nervous system and a variety of organs including spleen, intestine, retina, and lung (1, 2). The peptide may have possible roles in regulating the cardiovascular system and L-VGCC dependent neural plasticity (1, 2). Human VSTM4 gene is located on chromosome 10, which may be linked to late-onset Alzheimer's disease (3). Down-regulation of VSTM4 increased tamoxifen sensitivity and suppressed growth in cultured breast cancer cells (4). Within the ECD, human VSTM4 shares 87% and 85% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat VSTM4, respectively. The biological functions of VSTM4 remain unknown. Our in-house data show that VSTM4 inhibits the human T cell activation, including anti-CD3 induced IL-2 and IFN-gamma secretion, and T cell proliferation.

References

Shi, L. et al. (2012) PLoS. 7:e43091.
Shi, L. et al. (2015) Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1853:1154.
Grupe, A. et al. (2006) Am. J. Hum. Genet. 78:78.
Mendes-Pereira, A. et al. (2012) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 109:2730.

Long Name

V-Set And Transmembrane Domain Containing 4

Alternate Names

C10orf72

Entrez Gene IDs

196740 (Human); 320736 (Mouse); 361112 (Rat)

Gene Symbol

VSTM4

UniProt

Q8IW00-1

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Product Specific Notices for Human VSTM4 Alexa Fluor™ Plus 680-conjugated Antibody

This product is provided under an intellectual property license from Life Technologies Corporation. The transfer of this product is conditioned on the buyer using the purchased product solely in research conducted by the buyer, excluding contract research or any fee for service research, and the buyer must not (1) use this product or its components for (a) diagnostic, therapeutic or prophylactic purposes; (b) testing, analysis or screening services, or information in return for compensation on a per-test basis; or (c) manufacturing or quality assurance or quality control, and/or (2) sell or transfer this product or its components for resale, whether or not resold for use in research. For information on purchasing a license to this product for purposes other than as described above, contact Life Technologies Corporation, 5781 Van Allen Way, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA or outlicensing@thermofisher.com.

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Human VSTM4 Alexa Fluor™ Plus 680-conjugated Antibody

R&D Systems, part of Bio-Techne | Catalog # FAB10767AFP680

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Background: VSTM4