B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA; CD272) is a 35 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein in the CD28 family of T cell co-stimulatory molecules (1-3). Mature human BTLA contains a 127 amino acid (aa) extracellular domain (ECD), a 21 aa transmembrane sequence, and a 111 aa cytoplasmic domain. The two ITIM motifs and three Tyr phosphorylation sites in the cytoplasmic tail transmit inhibitory signaling (4-5). The ECD of human BTLA shares 42% and 44% aa identity with that of mouse and rat BTLA, respectively. A splice variant lacking the transmembrane domain has been reported (6). Unlike other CD28 family members, the BTLA Ig domain in the ECD is of the I-type rather than V-type, and BTLA does not form homodimers (7). BTLA is also unusual in its interaction with the TNF superfamily member HVEM rather than with B7 family ligands (8). BTLA is expressed on T cells, B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and NK cells (9). Its expression is low in naïve T cells and increases during antigen-specific induction of anergy. In B cells, BTLA expression is highest in mature naïve cells (9). BTLA apparently limits T cell numbers, since its deletion results in overproduction of T cells, especially CD8⁺ memory T cells that are hyper-responsive to TCR cross-linking (10). Under the control of ROR gammat and IL-7, BTLA regulates the homeostasis and inflammatory responses of gamma deltaT cells (11). The binding of BTLA and HVEM does not preclude the concurrent binding of other HVEM ligands such as LIGHT or Lymphotoxin-alpha (12).

References

Murphy, K.M. et al. (2006) Nat. Rev. Immunol. 6:671.
Croft, M. (2005) Trends. Immunol. 26:292.
Watanabe, N. et al. (2003) Nat. Immunol. 4:670.
Gavrieli, M. et al. (2003) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 312:1236.
Chemnitz, J.M. et al. (2006) J. Immunol. 176:6603.
Han, P. et al. (2004) J. Immunol. 172 :5931.
Compaan, D.M. et al. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280:39553.
Sedy, J. R. et al. (2005) Nat. Immunol. 6:90.
Hurchla, M.A. et al. (2005) J. Immunol. 174:3377.
Krieg, C. et al. (2007) Nat. Immunol. 8:162.
Bekiaris, V. et al. (2013) Immunity 39:1082.
Cai G and Freeman GJ, (2009) Immunol Rev. 229:244

Long Name

B- And T-Lymphocyte Attenuator

Alternate Names

CD272

Entrez Gene IDs

151888 (Human); 208154 (Mouse); 102144877 (Cynomolgus Monkey)

Gene Symbol

BTLA

UniProt

AAP44003

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Product Specific Notices for Human BTLA Alexa Fluor™ Plus 555-conjugated Antibody

This product is provided under an intellectual property license from Life Technologies Corporation. The transfer of this product is conditioned on the buyer using the purchased product solely in research conducted by the buyer, excluding contract research or any fee for service research, and the buyer must not (1) use this product or its components for (a) diagnostic, therapeutic or prophylactic purposes; (b) testing, analysis or screening services, or information in return for compensation on a per-test basis; or (c) manufacturing or quality assurance or quality control, and/or (2) sell or transfer this product or its components for resale, whether or not resold for use in research. For information on purchasing a license to this product for purposes other than as described above, contact Life Technologies Corporation, 5781 Van Allen Way, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA or outlicensing@thermofisher.com.

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Human BTLA Alexa Fluor™ Plus 555-conjugated Antibody

R&D Systems, part of Bio-Techne | Catalog # FAB33542AFP555

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Background: BTLA