Dihydrokainic acid

Name: Dihydrokainic acid
Brand: Tocris Bioscience
SKU: 0111
Rating: 5 (1 reviews)

Tocris Bioscience a Bio-Techne Brand

Catalog # 0111

Citations (16)

(1)

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Key Product Details

Description:	EAAT2 (GLT-1)-selective non-transportable inhibitor of L-glutamate and L-aspartate uptake
Chemical Name:	(2S,3S,4R)-2-Carboxy-4-isopropyl-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid
Molecular Weight:	215.25

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Biological Activity for Dihydrokainic acid

Dihydrokainic acid is an EAAT2(GLT1)-selective non-transportable inhibitor of L-glutamate and L-aspartate uptake (K_i = 23 μM). 130-fold selective over EAAT1 and EAAT3 (K_i > 3 mM).

Technical Data for Dihydrokainic acid

M. Wt	215.25
Formula	C₁₀H₁₇NO₄
Storage	Store at RT
CAS Number	52497-36-6
PubChem ID	107883
InChi Key	JQPDCKOQOOQUSC-OOZYFLPDSA-N
Smiles	O=C(C[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H](C)C)CN[C@@H]1[C@](O)=O)O

The technical data provided above is for guidance only. For batch specific data refer to the Certificate of Analysis.

Tocris products are intended for laboratory research use only, unless stated otherwise.

Solubility for Dihydrokainic acid

	Solvent	Max Conc. mg/mL	Max Conc. mM
Solubility
Solubility	water	5.38	25

Preparing Stock Solutions for Dihydrokainic acid

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 215.25.

Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Select a batch to recalculate based on the batch molecular weight:

Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
0.25 mM	18.58 mL	92.92 mL	185.83 mL
1.25 mM	3.72 mL	18.58 mL	37.17 mL
2.5 mM	1.86 mL	9.29 mL	18.58 mL
12.5 mM	0.37 mL	1.86 mL	3.72 mL

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References for Dihydrokainic acid

References are publications that support the biological activity of the product.

Arriza Functional comparisons of three glutamate transporter subtypes cloned from human motor cortex. J.Neurosci. 1994 PMID: 7521911
Kanal The neuronal and epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, insights into structure and mechanism of transport. J.Biol.Chem. 1994 PMID: 7914198
Munoz Effects of dihydrokainic acid on extracellular amino acids and neuronal excitability in the in vivo rat hippocampus. Neuropharmacology 1987 PMID: 2882438

Citations for Dihydrokainic acid (16)

Showing 1 - 10 of 16 citations Showing All

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Citations are publications that use Bio-Techne products. Selected citations for Dihydrokainic acid include:

Romanos et al. (2019) Differences in glutamate uptake between cortical regions impact neuronal NMDA receptor activation. Commun Biol. 2:127
PMID: 30963115
Gasull-Camôs et al. (2018) Serotonergic mechanisms involved in antidepressant-like responses evoked by GLT-1 blockade in rat infralimbic cortex. Neuropharmacology. 139:41
PMID: 29940206
Campbell et al. (2015) Functional changes in glutamate transporters and astrocyte biophysical properties in a rodent model of focal cortical dysplasia. Front Cell Neurosci. 8:425
PMID: 25565960
Petr et al. (2015) Conditional deletion of the glutamate transporter GLT-1 reveals that astrocytic GLT-1 protects against fatal epilepsy while neuronal GLT-1 contributes significantly to glutamate uptake into synaptosomes. J Neurosci. 35:5187
PMID: 25834045
Pál et al. (2015) Appearance of fast astrocytic component in voltage-sensitive dye imaging of neural activity. Mol Brain. 8:35
PMID: 26043770
Liang et al. (2014) δ-Opioid receptors up-regulate excitatory amino acid transporters in mouse astrocytes. Br J Pharmacol. 171:5417
PMID: 25052197
Tse et al. (2014) Pharmacological inhibitions of glutamate transporters EAAT1 and EAAT2 compromise glutamate transport in photoreceptor to ON-bipolar cell synapses. Vision Res. 103:49
PMID: 25152321
Foran et al. (2014) Sumoylation of the astroglial glutamate transporter EAAT2 governs its intracellular compartmentalization. Glia. 62:1241
PMID: 24753081
McKeown et al. (2012) Disruption of Eaat2b, a glutamate transporter, results in abnormal motor behaviors in developing zebrafish. Dev Biol. 362:162
PMID: 22094018
Hobo et al. (2011) Up-regulation of spinal glutamate transporters contributes to anti-hypersensitive effects of valproate in rats after peripheral nerve injury. Neurosci Lett. 502:52
PMID: 21802494
Parri et al. (2010) Sensory and cortical activation of distinct glial cell subtypes in the somatosensory thalamus of young rats. Eur J Neurosci. 32:29
PMID: 20608967
David et al. (2009) Astrocytic dysfunction in epileptogenesis: consequence of altered potassium and glutamate homeostasis? J Neurosci. 29:10588
PMID: 19710312
Mulholland et al. (2009) Ethanol disrupts NMDA receptor and astroglial EAAT2 modulation of Kv2.1 potassium channels in hippocampus. Alcohol. 43:45
PMID: 19185209
Baltan et al. (2008) White matter vulnerability to ischemic injury increases with age because of enhanced excitotoxicity. J Neurosci. 28:1479
PMID: 18256269
Weller et al. (2008) Selective overexpression of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) in astrocytes enhances neuroprotection from moderate but not severe hypoxia-ischemia. Neuroscience. 155:1204
PMID: 18620031
Chu et al. (2007) Pharmacological Induction of Ischemic Tolerance by Glutamate Transporter-1 (EAAT2) Upregulation. Stroke. 38:177
PMID: 17122424

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Customer Reviews for Dihydrokainic acid (1)

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Works as expected.

Name: Dipa Pati

Species: Mouse

Assay Type: Ex Vivo

Cell Line/Tissue: Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis

We performed ex-vivo slice physiology on Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) slices. We bath applied DHK (300 micromolar) on a BNST neuron in the current-clamp mode. DHK depolarized the neuron and the drug effect washed out.

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Product Documents for Dihydrokainic acid

COA

Certificate of Analysis

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