What is the heparin binding activity of FGF and VEGF?

These proteins are not assayed for their ability to bind Heparin. More information about the FGF family of growth factors is available in this review article: Basilico, C. (1992) Adv. Can. Res. 59:115.

Why is the molecular weight of VEGF different from the similar antibody, for some companies the the molecular weight is 40KD)?

I can't comment on another company's antibody because I don't have any information about their products. I can tell you that VEGF is expressed in a variety of isoforms and is subject to various post-translational modifications that influence its apparent molecular weight in an SDS-PAGE gel compared to the theoretical molecular weight.

Recombinant Porcine VEGF Protein

Name: Recombinant Porcine VEGF Protein
Brand: Novus Biologicals
SKU: NBP2-62551

Novus Biologicals, part of Bio-Techne | Catalog # NBP2-62551

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Product Specifications
Scientific Data
Preparation & Storage
Background
Product Documents
Specific Notices

Key Product Details

Source

Pichia pastoris

Accession #

P49151

Conjugate

Unconjugated

Applications

Western Blot, ELISA

View all VEGF Proteins and Enzymes »

Product Specifications

Description

Recombinant pig VEGF-A.

Source: Pichia pastoris

Amino Acid Sequence: aa 27 - 190 of native porcine vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), UniProt P49151

Purity

>95%, by SDS-PAGE

Predicted Molecular Mass

19.2 kDa.
Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.

Protein / Peptide Type

Recombinant Protein

Scientific Data Images for Recombinant Porcine VEGF Protein

ELISA: Recombinant Porcine VEGF Protein [NBP2-62551] -

ELISA: Recombinant Porcine VEGF Protein [NBP2-62551] - Pig VEGF-A ELISA

Recombinant Pig VEGF-Adetected using Goat anti Pig VEGF-A as the capture reagent and biotinylated Goat anti Pig VEGF-A as the detection reagent followed by Streptavidin:HRP.

Formulation, Preparation and Storage

NBP2-62551

Formulation	PBS
Preservative	10% Trehalose
Concentration	Lyoph
Reconstitution	Reconstitute with 20 ul sterile PBS containing 0.1% carrier protein. Care should be taken during reconstitution as the protein may appear as a film at the bottom of the vial. Gently mix vial after reconstitution.
Shipping	The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage	Store at -20C. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.

Background: VEGF

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), also called VEGF-A and vascular permeability factor (VPF), is a secreted homodimeric glycoprotein belonging to the VEGF family with a role in stimulating angiogenesis and vasculogenesis (1,2). More specifically, VEGF-A secretion from most cell types contributes to promoting endothelial cell proliferation and migration, inhibiting apoptosis, increasing vascular permeability, and wound healing (1). The VEGF family consists of several members including VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGF-E, VEGF-F, and placenta growth factor (PLGF) (1-4). As a result of alternative splicing of the eight exon VEGFA gene, there are several VEGF-A protein isoforms of 121, 145, 165, 183, 189, and 206 amino acids (aa) in length, with VEGF121 and VEGF165 being the two most expressed isoforms (1,5). Full length VEGF-A monomer has a 26 aa signal sequence plus a 206 aa (VEGF206) sequence, with a theoretic molecular weight (MW) of 27 kDa, containing VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1) and VEGR2 binding sites and heparin-binding domains (1-3,5,6). VEGF121 lacks heparin affinity and binds the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, whereas VEGF165 has moderate affinity for heparin and, in addition to being a ligand for VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, can also bind the co-receptors neuropilin 1 (NRP1) and NRP2 (1,5). Hypoxia and hypoxia-related genes such as HIF-1, EGF, and PDGF are major regulators angiogenesis and VEGF expression (1,3). VEGF signaling initiated by ligand binding to its receptors results in activation of different pathways including PI3K and MAPK and ultimately guides endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and survival (1,3). While VEGF plays an important role in promoting normal angiogenesis and blood vessel formation, its expression is often upregulated in tumors and other angiogenesis-related pathologies like osteroarthritis (OA) (1-5,7). Given its function, VEGF and its receptors have become a therapeutic target for treating cancer and blocking angiogenesis (4,5,7). A recombinant humanized monoclonal anti-VEGFA antibody called bevacizumab (Avastin) was first approved by the FDA in 2004 for the treatment of a number of cancers (1-3,5). Cancer patients may experience resistance to anti-VEGF antibodies and, as such, clinical studies are exploring combination treatment options with chemotherapies and immune-checkpoint inhibitors (3,5).

References

1. Melincovici CS, Bosca AB, susman S, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) - key factor in normal and pathological angiogenesis. Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2018;59(2):455-467.

2. Shaik F, Cuthbert GA, Homer-Vanniasinkam S, Muench SP, Ponnambalam S, Harrison MA. Structural Basis for Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Activation and Implications for Disease Therapy. Biomolecules. 2020;10(12):1673. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10121673

3. Apte RS, Chen DS, Ferrara N. VEGF in Signaling and Disease: Beyond Discovery and Development. Cell. 2019;176(6):1248-1264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.01.021

4. Matsumoto K, Ema M. Roles of VEGF-A signalling in development, regeneration, and tumours. J Biochem. 2014;156(1):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1093/jb/mvu031

5. Itatani Y, Kawada K, Yamamoto T, Sakai Y. Resistance to Anti-Angiogenic Therapy in Cancer-Alterations to Anti-VEGF Pathway. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(4):1232. Published 2018 Apr 18. doi:10.3390/ijms19041232

6. Uniprot (P15692)

7. Hamilton JL, Nagao M, Levine BR, Chen D, Olsen BR, Im HJ. Targeting VEGF and Its Receptors for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis and Associated Pain. J Bone Miner Res. 2016;31(5):911-924. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2828

Long Name

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

Alternate Names

MVCD1, VAS, Vasculotropin, VEGF-A, VEGFA, VPF

Gene Symbol

VEGFA

UniProt

P49151 (Porcine)

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COA

Product Specific Notices for Recombinant Porcine VEGF Protein

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. This product is guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

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