Recombinant Human VEGF-D Protein

Name: Recombinant Human VEGF-D Protein
Brand: R&D Systems
SKU: 622-VD

R&D Systems, Inc. a Bio-Techne Brand

Catalog # 622-VD

Citations (9)

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Key Product Details

Source:	Sf 21 (baculovirus)
Accession #:	O43915
Applications:	Binding Activity, Bioactivity

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Product Specifications for Recombinant Human VEGF-D Protein

Source	Spodoptera frugiperda, Sf 21 (baculovirus)-derived human VEGF-D protein Phe93-Ser201, with an N-terminal Met and C-terminal 6-His tag
Purity	>95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
Endotoxin level	<1.0 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.
N-terminal sequence Analysis	Met
Predicted Molecular Mass	13 kDa (monomer)
SDS-PAGE	10-20 kDa, reducing conditions
Activity	Measured in a cell proliferation assay using HMVEC human microvascular endothelial cells. Marconcini, L. et al. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:9671. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.1‑0.3 µg/mL. Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized recombinant human Flt-4 Fc Chimera at 5 µg/mL (100 µL/well) binds Recombinant Human VEGF‑D with an apparent K_D<15 nM.

Formulation, Preparation and Storage

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

622-VD

Carrier

Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein.
Reconstitution	Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage:	Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied. 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution. 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

622-VD/CF

Carrier Free

Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS.
Reconstitution	Reconstitute at 50 μg/mL in sterile PBS.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage:	Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied. 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution. 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Reconstitution Calculator

The reconstitution calculator allows you to quickly calculate the volume of a reagent to reconstitute your vial. Simply enter the mass of reagent and the target concentration and the calculator will determine the rest.

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Background: VEGF-D

Vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D), also known as c-fos-induced growth factor (FIGF), is a secreted glycoprotein of the VEGF/PDGF family. VEGFs regulate angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis during development and tumor growth, and are characterized by eight conserved cysteine residues that form a cystine knot structure (1-3). VEGF-C and VEGF-D, which share 23% amino acid (aa) sequence identity, are uniquely expressed as preproproteins that contain long N- and C‑terminal propeptide extensions around the VEGF homology domain (VHD) (1, 2). Proteolytic processing of the 354 aa VEGF-D preproprotein creates a secreted proprotein. Further processing by extracellular serine proteases, such as plasmin or furin-like proprotein convertases, forms mature VEGF-D consisting of non‑covalently linked 42 kDa homodimers of the 117 aa VHD (4 - 6). Mature human VEGF-D shares 94%, 95%, 99%, 97% and 93% aa identity with mouse, rat, equine, canine and bovine VEGF-D, respectively (4, 5). It is expressed in adult lung, heart, muscle, and small intestine, and is most abundantly expressed in fetal lungs and skin (1-4). Mouse and human VEGF-D are ligands for VEGF Receptor 3 (VEGF R3, also called Flt-4) that are active across species and show enhanced affinity when processed (7). Processed human VEGF-D is also a ligand for VEGF R2, also called Flk-1 or KDR (7). VEGF R3 is strongly expressed in lymphatic endothelial cells and is essential for regulation of the growth and differentiation of lymphatic endothelium (1, 2). While VEGF-C is the critical ligand for VEGF R3 during embryonic lymphatic development, VEGF-D is most active in neonatal lymphatic maturation and bone growth (8‑10). Both promote tumor lymphangiogenesis (11). Consonant with their activity on VEGF receptors, binding of VEGF-C and VEGF-D to neuropilins contributes to VEGF R3 signaling in lymphangiogenesis, while binding to integrin alpha 9 beta 1 mediates endothelial cell adhesion and migration (12, 13).

Item	Value
References	Roy, H. et al. (2006) FEBS Lett. 580:2879. Otrock, Z.H. et al. (2007) Blood Cells Mol. Dis. 38:258. Yamada, Y. et al. (1997) Genomics 42:483. Stacker, S.A. et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274:32127. McColl, B.K. et al. (2003) J. Exp. Med. 198:863. McColl, B.K. et al. (2007) FASEB J. 21:1088. Baldwin, M.E. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:19166. Baldwin, M.E. et al. (2005) Mol. Cell. Biol. 25:2441. Karpanen, T. et al. (2006) Am. J. Pathol. 169:708. Orlandini, M. et al. (2006) J. Biol. Chem. 281:17961. Stacker, S.A. et al. (2001) Nature Med. 7:186. Karpanen, T. et al. (2006) FASEB J. 20:1462. Vlahakis, N.E. et al. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280:4544.
Long Name	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D/cFos-induced Growth Factor
Entrez Gene IDs	2277 (Human); 14205 (Mouse)
Alternate Names	FIGF, VEGF-D, VEGF-DVEGFDc-Fos-induced growth factor, VEGFD, c-fos induced growth factor (vascular endothelial growth factor D), vascular endothelial growth factor D

Citations for Recombinant Human VEGF-D Protein (9)

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Citations are publications that use Bio-Techne products. Selected citations for Recombinant Human VEGF-D Protein include:

Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay

K Nishino et al. (2021), Isolation and characterisation of lymphatic endothelial cells from lung tissues affected by lymphangioleiomyomatosis Scientific Reports, 11(1):8406.
PMID: 33863980
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC

ECTD Nascimento et al. (2018), Immunohistological features related to functional impairment in lymphangioleiomyomatosis Respir. Res., 19(1):83.
PMID: 29739412
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay

KT Campbell et al. (2017), Alginate hydrogels allow for bioactive and sustained release of VEGF-C and VEGF-D for lymphangiogenic therapeutic applications PLoS ONE, 12(7):e0181484.
PMID: 28723974
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
Applications: ELISA (Control)

(2016), Biomarker analyses in REGARD gastric/GEJ carcinoma patients treated with VEGFR2-targeted antibody ramucirumab Br J Cancer, 0(0).
PMID: 27623234
Species: Human
Sample Types: Protein
Applications: Western Blot

(2016), Vascular endothelial growth factor-D modulates oxidant-antioxidant balance of human vascular endothelial cells J. Cell. Mol. Med, 0(0).
PMID: 27957793
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay

Majumder M et al. (2012), Co-expression of alpha9beta1 integrin and VEGF-D confers lymphatic metastatic ability to a human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468LN. PLoS ONE, 7(4):e35094.
PMID: 22545097
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay

Kilic N et al. (2007), Lymphatic reprogramming of microvascular endothelial cells by CEA-related cell adhesion molecule-1 via interaction with VEGFR-3 and Prox1. Blood, 110(13):4223-33.
PMID: 17761831
Species: Bovine
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay

Sun JF et al. (2005), Microvascular patterning is controlled by fine-tuning the Akt signal. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 102(1):128-33.
PMID: 15611473
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay

Akahane M et al. (2005), A potential role for vascular endothelial growth factor-D as an autocrine growth factor for human breast carcinoma cells. Anticancer Res., 25(2):701-7.
PMID: 15868899

Recombinant Human VEGF-D Protein

R&D Systems, Inc. a Bio-Techne Brand

Key Product Details

Complete Your Research

Complete Your Experiment

Product Specifications for Recombinant Human VEGF-D Protein

Formulation, Preparation and Storage

Carrier Free

622-VD

Carrier

622-VD/CF

Carrier Free

Reconstitution Calculator

Background: VEGF-D

Citations for Recombinant Human VEGF-D Protein (9)

Product Documents for Recombinant Human VEGF-D Protein

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