Source	E. coli-derived human NM23-H1 protein Ala2-Glu152 with a C-terminal 6-His tag
Purity	>95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
Endotoxin level	<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.
N-terminal sequence Analysis	Ala2
Predicted Molecular Mass	18 kDa
SDS-PAGE	18-20 kDa, under reducing conditions
Activity	Measured by its ability to convert thymidine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate to thymidine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate in a coupled assay. The specific activity is >50,000 pmol/min/μg, as measured under the described conditions.

Recombinant Human NM23-H1 His-tag Protein, CF Scientific Data Examples

	Recombinant Human NM23-H1 His-tag Protein Enzyme Activity Recombinant Human NM23-H1 His-tag (Catalog # 10495-NM) is measured by its ability to convert thymidine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate to thymidine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate in a coupled assay.

Formulation, Preparation and Storage

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

10495-NM

Formulation	Supplied as a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Tris, NaCl and TCEP.
Shipping	The product is shipped with dry ice or equivalent. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage:	Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 6 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied. 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after opening.

Reconstitution Calculator

The reconstitution calculator allows you to quickly calculate the volume of a reagent to reconstitute your vial. Simply enter the mass of reagent and the target concentration and the calculator will determine the rest.

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Background: NM23-H1

Non-metastatic Protein 23 Homolog 1 (NM23-H1), also known as Nucleoside diphosphate kinase A (NDPK-A), is a group 1 member of the NDPK family encoded by the NME1 (non metastatic cell) gene (1). NDPKs are well-known as housekeeping genes that maintain the balance of nucleoside triphosphate levels by transferring a phosphate group from a nucleoside triphosphate to nucleoside diphosphate. NM23-H1 is a cytosolic protein that forms active hexamers composed of a trimer of dimers (2,3). The active hexamer contains a "head" region with substrate binding and catalytic activity as well as a Kpn loop and C-terminal extensions that stabilize the structure (2,3). NM23-H1 (NDPK-A) shares significant homology with NM23-H2 (NDPK-B), with 88% identity (3). In spite of significant homology and catalytic function between these isoforms, the differing amino acids on the lateral surface of the hexamers lead to specific interactions with other proteins and ultimately result in diverging cellular distribution and function in cells (1). NM23-H1 was the first reported metastasis suppressor gene (4) and plays a role in cell adhesion, migration and motility, and signaling and proteolysis (5-7). Suppression activity has been demonstrated in many cancers although the mechanism involved is uncertain (1,7). NM23-H2 has been reported to have several functions: enzymatic function as a protein histidine kinase with ATP-citrate lyase and annexin A1 as direct targets (5), exonuclease activity (8), NDPK activity (1), and also forms a complex with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) (9) in regulation of chloride channels, other signaling pathways, and gene regulation (1,10,11).

Item	Value
References	Boissan, M. et al. (2018) Lab. Invest. 98:164. Janin, J. et al. (2000) J. Bioenerg. Biomembr. 32:215. Webb, P.A. et al. (1995) J. Mol. Biol. 251:574. Steeg, P.S. et al. (1988) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 80:200. Attwood, P.V. et al. (2018) Lab. Invest. 98:283. Khan, I. et al. (2019) Cancer Res. 79:4689. Matyasi, B. et al. (2020) Pathol. Oncol. Res. 26:49. Fan, Z. et al. (2003) Cell 112:659. Borthwick, L.A. et al. (2016) PloS One. 11:e0149097. Ma, W. et al. (2008) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 371:425. Zheng, S. et al. (2019) FEBS Lett. 593:80.
Long Name	Non-metastatic Protein 23 Homolog 1
Entrez Gene IDs	4830 (Human)
Alternate Names	EC 2.7.4.6, GAAD, Granzyme A-activated DNase, Metastasis inhibition factor nm23, NB, NBS, NDK A, NDKA, NDP kinase A, NDPK-A, NDPKA, NM23-H1, NM23A, NM23AWD, NM23H1, NME1, Tumor metastatic process-associated protein, non-metastatic cells 1, protein (NM23A) expressed in, nucleoside diphosphate kinase A

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Recombinant Human NM23-H1 His-tag Protein, CF

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