Source	Mouse myeloma cell line, NS0-derived human Dkk-3 protein Ala22-Ile350, with a C-terminal 10-His tag
Purity	>95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
Endotoxin level	<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.
N-terminal sequence Analysis	Ala22
Predicted Molecular Mass	37.5 kDa
SDS-PAGE	64-74 kDa, reducing conditions
Activity	Measured by its ability to inhibit proliferation of HeLa human cervical epithelial carcinoma cells. Hsieh, S.Y. et al. (2004) Oncogene 23:9183. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 3-12 µg/mL.

Formulation, Preparation and Storage

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

1118-DK

Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS.
Reconstitution	Reconstitute at 250 μg/mL in sterile PBS. Reconstitution Buffer Available: Size / Price Qty Loading... RB01:
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage:	Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied. 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution. 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Reconstitution Calculator

The reconstitution calculator allows you to quickly calculate the volume of a reagent to reconstitute your vial. Simply enter the mass of reagent and the target concentration and the calculator will determine the rest.

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Background: Dkk-3

Dkk-3, also known as REIC (Reduced Expansion in Immortalized Cells), is one of four numbered members of the Dickkopf family of Wnt antagonists (1). Dkk-3 is a secreted monomer expressed in many normal human tissues, most strongly in heart, brain and spinal cord (1, 2), and during early embryonic development in the mouse (3). N-glycosylation at up to four sites preceding or between two conserved cysteine-rich motifs results in expression of a 45 - 65 kDa glycoprotein (1, 4). The cysteine-rich motifs contain 10 cysteines each, with prokineticin and colipase families containing sequences similar to those of the second motif (1, 5). Human Dkk-3 shows 82%, 88%, 85% and 53% amino acid (aa) identity with mouse, bovine, canine and chick Dkk-3, respectively, and 37 - 45% aa identity with other human Dkk family members. Several lines of evidence implicate Dkk-3 as a negative growth regulator. Dkk-3 is downregulated in many tumors as compared to normal cells, sometimes by loss of heterozygosity (4, 6). Downregulation by CpG hypermethylation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia is correlated with faster progression and shorter survival (7). Release of cultured cells from serum starvation results in downregulation of Dkk-3 in late G1 phase of the cell cycle (6). Overexpression of Dkk-3 results in tumor cell-line-specific growth inhibition, induction of apoptosis, and decreased tumorigenicity in nude mice (2, 4, 6). The prototype Dickkopf member, Dkk-1, antagonizes Wnt family signaling by binding to Wnt receptors LRP5 and LRP6 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins) and promoting their internalization (1, 9, 10). Results are less straightforward for Dkk-3, where some studies show binding to LRP5/6 while others do not. These effects appear to be dependent on the cells and conditions used (1, 6 - 10).

Item	Value
References	Krupnik, V.E. et al. (1999) Gene 238:301. Tsuji, T. et al. (2000) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 268:20. Kemp, C. et al. (2005) Dev. Dyn. 233:1064. Hsieh, S.-Y. et al. (2004) Oncogene 23:9183. Bullock, C.M. et al. (2004) Mol. Pharmacol. 65:582. Tsuji, T. et al. (2001) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 289:257. Roman-Gomez, J. et al. (2004) Br. J. Cancer 91:707. Hoang, B.H. et al. (2004) Cancer Res. 64:2734. Caricasole, A. et al. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278:37024. Mao, B. et al. (2001) Nature 411:321.
Long Name	Dickkopf-3
Entrez Gene IDs	27122 (Human); 50781 (Mouse)
Alternate Names	Dickkopf-3, Dkk-3, Dkk3, REIC, REICdkk-3, RIG, RIG-like 5-6, RIG-like 7-1, dickkopf (Xenopus laevis) homolog 3, dickkopf 3, dickkopf homolog 3 (Xenopus laevis), dickkopf-related protein 3, hDkk-3, regulated in glioma

Citations for Recombinant Human Dkk-3 Protein, CF (7)

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Citations are publications that use Bio-Techne products. Selected citations for Recombinant Human Dkk-3 Protein, CF include:

Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: MTT Assay

XC Nie et al. (2021), Combined Serum DKK3 and Circulating CD133 Cells as Prognostic Biomarkers for Ovarian Cancer Patients OncoTargets and Therapy, 14(0):427-434.
PMID: 33488097
Species: Macaca fascicularis (cynomolgus monkey)
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Bioassay

I Tom et al. (2020), Development of a therapeutic anti-HtrA1 antibody and the identification of DKK3 as a pharmacodynamic biomarker in geographic atrophy Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 117(18):9952-9963.
PMID: 32345717
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay

JY Cheng et al. (2017), A novel FOXO1-mediated dedifferentiation blocking role for DKK3 in adrenocortical carcinogenesis BMC Cancer, 17(1):164.
PMID: 28249601
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay

(2016), Conserved Senescence Associated Genes and Pathways in Primary Human Fibroblasts Detected by RNA-Seq PLoS ONE, 11(5):e0154531.
PMID: 27140416
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay

Zhu et al. (2014), Phosphatase WIP1 regulates adult neurogenesis and WNT signaling during aging. J Clin Invest, 124(7):3263-73.
PMID: 24911145
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay

Wilson TR et al. (2012), Widespread potential for growth-factor-driven resistance to anticancer kinase inhibitors. Nature, 487(7408):505-9.
PMID: 22763448
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay

Untergasser G et al. (2008), The Dickkopf-homolog 3 is expressed in tumor endothelial cells and supports capillary formation. Int. J. Cancer, 122(7):1539-47.
PMID: 18033687

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Showing 1 - 7 of 7 citations Showing All

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Recombinant Human Dkk-3 Protein, CF

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