LC3 Antibody [Biotin]
Novus Biologicals, part of Bio-Techne | Catalog # NBP3-80092
Fc Region Site-Specific Biotinylated Antibody
Key Product Details
Species Reactivity
Validated:
Human
Predicted:
Mouse (100%), Rat (100%). Backed by our 100% Guarantee.
Applications
Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence
Label
Biotin
Antibody Source
Polyclonal Rabbit IgG
Concentration
0.1 mg/ml
Product Specifications
Immunogen
This antibody was developed against Recombinant Protein corresponding to amino acids: TKFLVPDHVNMSELIKIIRRRLQLN
Clonality
Polyclonal
Host
Rabbit
Isotype
IgG
Description
This conjugate is made on demand and is not held in inventory. Each order represents a unique lot. Successful site-specific biotin conjugation is confirmed by reducing SDS-PAGE, revealing a mobility shift of the antibody heavy-chain when biotin is covalently attached. Additional information may be available upon request. The antibody concentration is provided on the individual product label.
For specialized conjugation needs, like large quantities, and specific concentrations, bulk and custom antibody conjugation services are available.
Applications for LC3 Antibody [Biotin]
Application
Recommended Usage
Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence
Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.
Application Notes
Recommended applications and dilutions are based on validated applications from the unconjugated base product NBP1-70338.
Formulation, Preparation, and Storage
Purification
Affinity purified
Formulation
40% glycerol and PBS (pH 7.2).
Preservative
0.02% Sodium Azide
Concentration
0.1 mg/ml
Shipping
The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage
Store at 4C in the dark.
Background: LC3
Autophagic flux is supported by autophagy-related proteins (Atgs) initially identified in yeast (6,7). The core autophagy machinery is comprised of 17 Atg proteins that play specific roles in autophagosome formation. Among these Atg proteins, Atg8 is not only involved in autophagosome formation but also functions in cargo selection. In mammals, several Atg8 homologues have been identified including microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha, beta and gamma - LC3A, LC3B, and LC3C (8) respectively, as well as GABA type A receptor-associated protein (GABARAP), GABARAP-Like1, and GABARAP-Like2 (9). LC3 (predicted molecular weight 14kD) is ubiquitously expressed and undergoes posttranslational processing after synthesis. First, the cysteine protease Atg4 cleaves a carboxy terminal sequence to generate the cytosolic form LC3-I. Next, E1-like (Atg7) and E2-like (Atg3) enzymes conjugate phosphatidylethanolamine to the newly exposed carboxyterminal glycine, generating LC3-II. Finally, the Atg12-Atg5-Atg16L1 complex participates in LC3 lipidation and autophagosome formation (10). LC3B-I to LC3B-II conversion correlates with autophagosome number and is considered the best marker to monitor autophagy.
References
1. Yu, L., Chen, Y., & Tooze, S. A. (2018). Autophagy pathway: Cellular and molecular mechanisms. Autophagy. https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2017.1378838
2. Forrester, A., De Leonibus, C., Grumati, P., Fasana, E., Piemontese, M., Staiano, L., ... Settembre, C. (2019). A selective ER-phagy exerts procollagen quality control via a Calnexin-FAM 134B complex. The EMBO Journal. https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.201899847
3. He, X., Zhu, Y., Zhang, Y., Geng, Y., Gong, J., Geng, J., ... Zhong, H. (2019). RNF34 functions in immunity and selective mitophagy by targeting MAVS for autophagic degradation. The EMBO Journal. https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2018100978
4. Mathai, B., Meijer, A., & Simonsen, A. (2017). Studying Autophagy in Zebrafish. Cells. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells6030021
5. Losier, T. T., Akuma, M., McKee-Muir, O. C., LeBlond, N. D., Suk, Y., Alsaadi, R. M., ... Russell, R. C. (2019). AMPK Promotes Xenophagy through Priming of Autophagic Kinases upon Detection of Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles. Cell Reports. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.062
6. Nakatogawa, H., Suzuki, K., Kamada, Y., & Ohsumi, Y. (2009). Dynamics and diversity in autophagy mechanisms: Lessons from yeast. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm2708
7. Tsukada, M., & Ohsumi, Y. (1993). Isolation and characterization of autophagy-defective mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Letters. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(93)80398-E
8. Wild, P., McEwan, D. G., & Dikic, I. (2014). The LC3 interactome at a glance. Journal of Cell Science. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.140426
9. Igloi, G. L. (2001). Cloning, expression patterns, and chromosome localization of three human and two mouse homologues of GABAA receptor-associated protein. Genomics. https://doi.org/10.1006/geno.2001.6555
10. Glick, D., Barth, S., & Macleod, K. F. (2010). Autophagy: Cellular and molecular mechanisms. Journal of Pathology. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.2697
Alternate Names
ATG8F, LC3B, MAP1A/1BLC3, map1lc3b, MAP1LC3B-a, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta
Gene Symbol
MAP1LC3B
Additional LC3 Products
Product Documents for LC3 Antibody [Biotin]
Product Specific Notices for LC3 Antibody [Biotin]
This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.
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