VCAM-1, also known as CD106, is an immunoglobulin (Ig)-like adhesion molecule that is mainly expressed in endothelial cells and other cell types including macrophages, dendritic cells, neurons, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and oocytes (1, 2). It plays a critical role in inflammation by recruiting leukocytes to acute and chronic inflammation sites (3, 4). Alternatively-spliced forms are known to occur, but the most common form is a type I transmembrane protein with a 674 aa extracellular domain (ECD) that includes seven C2-type immunoglobulin domains, a 22 aa transmembrane segment, and a 19 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic tail. Within the ECD, human VCAM-1 shares 75% and 76% aa sequence identity with the mouse and rat VCAM-1, respectively. VCAM-1 binds to leukocyte integrins alpha 4 beta 1 (VLA-4) and alpha 4 beta 7. During the inflammatory adhesion mechanism, activated integrins halt rolling leukocytes and attach them firmly to the vascular endothelium. The VCAM-1:VLA-4/ alpha 4 beta 7 interaction is also thought to be involved in the extravasation of white blood cells through the blood vessel wall to sites of inflammation (5). ELISA techniques have shown that detectable levels of soluble VCAM-1 are present in the biological fluids of apparently normal individuals, but elevated levels of serum VCAM-1 are indicative of future Atrial Fibrillation incident as well as liver disease (6, 7). Tumor cells use overexpression of VCAM-1 as means of escaping immune surveillance (8).

References

Vonderheide, R.H. et al. (1994) J. Cell Biol. 125:215.
Cybulsky, M.I. et al. (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:7859.
Luster, A.D. et al. (2005) Nat. Immunol. 6:1182.
Osborn, L. et al. (1989) Cell 59:1203
Langer. H.F. et al. 2009. J Cell Mol Med. 13:1211.
Willeit.K. et al. 2017. JAMA Cardiol. 2:516.
Lo Iacono.O. et al. 2008. Liver Int. 28:1129.
Wu.T.C. et al. 2007. Cancer Research. 67:6003

Long Name

Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1

Alternate Names

CD106, VCAM1

Entrez Gene IDs

7412 (Human); 22329 (Mouse)

Gene Symbol

VCAM1

UniProt

P19320-1

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This product is provided under an intellectual property license from Life Technologies Corporation. The transfer of this product is conditioned on the buyer using the purchased product solely in research conducted by the buyer, excluding contract research or any fee for service research, and the buyer must not (1) use this product or its components for (a) diagnostic, therapeutic or prophylactic purposes; (b) testing, analysis or screening services, or information in return for compensation on a per-test basis; or (c) manufacturing or quality assurance or quality control, and/or (2) sell or transfer this product or its components for resale, whether or not resold for use in research. For information on purchasing a license to this product for purposes other than as described above, contact Life Technologies Corporation, 5781 Van Allen Way, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA or outlicensing@thermofisher.com.

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Human VCAM-1/CD106 Alexa Fluor™ Plus 555-conjugated Antibody

R&D Systems, part of Bio-Techne | Catalog # FAB8091AFP555

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Background: VCAM-1/CD106