SARS-CoV-2 ORF6 Antibody - BSA Free
Novus Biologicals, part of Bio-Techne | Catalog # NBP3-05707
Key Product Details
Species Reactivity
SARS-CoV-2
Applications
Validated:
Western Blot, ELISA
Cited:
Western Blot
Label
Unconjugated
Antibody Source
Polyclonal Rabbit IgG
Format
BSA Free
Concentration
Please see the vial label for concentration. If unlisted please contact technical services.
Product Specifications
Immunogen
Synthetic peptide corresponding to 17 amino acids of ORF6. Exact sequence is proprietary.
Clonality
Polyclonal
Host
Rabbit
Isotype
IgG
Scientific Data Images for SARS-CoV-2 ORF6 Antibody - BSA Free
Western Blot: SARS-CoV-2 ORF6 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP3-05707] -
ORF6 does not antagonize IFN production. (A–E) Calu-3 cells were uninfected or infected with SARS-CoV-2 WT virus or deltaORF6 virus (MOI of 0.5). At 24 hpi, cells were treated with Sendai virus (SeV) for 8 h as indicated. (A and B) Total RNA was extracted, and induction of IFN-beta (A) and IFN-lambda 1 (B) was examined by RT-qPCR. Shown is the mean +/- SEM for three independent experiments. The significance was calculated using Kruskal-Wallis test and is indicated by *P < 0.05 (ns, not significant). (C) Cell lysates were collected, and the protein expression level was determined by immunoblotting using indicated antibodies. Shown are the representative blots of two independent experiments. (D) Cells were fixed and stained with antibodies against IRF3 and SARS-CoV-2 Spike. Representative images of two independent experiments are shown. (E) Percent of IRF3 translocation in virally infected cells was quantified. Shown is the average percent for six fields of view from two independent experiments. Significance was calculated using an unpaired, two-tailed Student’s t test (ns, not significant). (F through H) Calu-3 cells were infected with SARS-CoV-2 WT virus or deltaORF6 virus (MOI of 0.5) for 24 h, followed by treatment of Poly(I:C) for 6 h as indicated. (F and G) mRNA expression of IFN-beta (F) and IFN-lambda 1 (G) was determined by RT-qPCR and normalized to uninfected cells. Shown are the means +/- SEM for three independent experiments. The significance was calculated using Kruskal-Wallis test (ns, not significant). (H) Immunoblotting was performed to monitor protein expression using indicated antibodies. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37377442), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.Western Blot: SARS-CoV-2 ORF6 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP3-05707] -
ORF6 does not antagonize IFN production. (A–E) Calu-3 cells were uninfected or infected with SARS-CoV-2 WT virus or deltaORF6 virus (MOI of 0.5). At 24 hpi, cells were treated with Sendai virus (SeV) for 8 h as indicated. (A and B) Total RNA was extracted, and induction of IFN-beta (A) and IFN-lambda 1 (B) was examined by RT-qPCR. Shown is the mean +/- SEM for three independent experiments. The significance was calculated using Kruskal-Wallis test and is indicated by *P < 0.05 (ns, not significant). (C) Cell lysates were collected, and the protein expression level was determined by immunoblotting using indicated antibodies. Shown are the representative blots of two independent experiments. (D) Cells were fixed and stained with antibodies against IRF3 and SARS-CoV-2 Spike. Representative images of two independent experiments are shown. (E) Percent of IRF3 translocation in virally infected cells was quantified. Shown is the average percent for six fields of view from two independent experiments. Significance was calculated using an unpaired, two-tailed Student’s t test (ns, not significant). (F through H) Calu-3 cells were infected with SARS-CoV-2 WT virus or deltaORF6 virus (MOI of 0.5) for 24 h, followed by treatment of Poly(I:C) for 6 h as indicated. (F and G) mRNA expression of IFN-beta (F) and IFN-lambda 1 (G) was determined by RT-qPCR and normalized to uninfected cells. Shown are the means +/- SEM for three independent experiments. The significance was calculated using Kruskal-Wallis test (ns, not significant). (H) Immunoblotting was performed to monitor protein expression using indicated antibodies. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37377442), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.Western Blot: SARS-CoV-2 ORF6 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP3-05707] -
SARS-CoV-2 induces immune responses in bystander cells. (A) Calu-3 cells were either uninfected (Uninf.) or infected with SARS-CoV-2 WT virus or deltaORF6 virus (MOI = 0.5) for 24, 36, or 48 h. Cells were lysed, and the protein expression level was determined by immunoblotting using indicated antibodies. Shown are representative blots of two independent experiments. (B through E) Calu-3 cells were either uninfected or infected with SARS-CoV-2 WT virus or deltaORF6 virus (MOI of 0.5) for 48 h. Cells were fixed and stained with antibodies against IRF3 (B) or phospho-STAT1 (p-Stat1) (D). Quantification of IRF3 nuclear translocation (C) in panel (B) or p-Stat1 nuclear translocation (E) in panel (D). Graphs show the average percent of nuclear translocation in viral-infected cells or bystander cells for six fields of view collected from two independent experiments. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37377442), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.Applications for SARS-CoV-2 ORF6 Antibody - BSA Free
Application
Recommended Usage
Western Blot
1:500-1000
Formulation, Preparation, and Storage
Purification
Epitope affinity purified
Formulation
PBS (pH 7.2), 10% Glycerol
Format
BSA Free
Preservative
0.02% Sodium Azide
Concentration
Please see the vial label for concentration. If unlisted please contact technical services.
Shipping
The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage
Store at 4C short term. Aliquot and store at -20C long term. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Background: SARS-CoV-2 ORF6
SARS-CoV-2 ORF6 is an ER/Golgi membrane protein that disrupts the formation of the nuclear import complex by binding karyopherin alpha 2 (KPNA2) and karyopherin beta 1 (KPNB1) (2, 4). More specifically, it was found that this disruption is mediated by ORF6's localization to the nuclear pore complex (NPC) where it binds Nup98-Rae1 to target the nuclear import pathway (5). This disruption further prevents the transport of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and ultimately blocks interferon (IFN) production and antiviral responses (2, 4, 5). It has been hypothesized that the pathology of COVID-19 is largely initiated by the SARS-CoV-2 proteins ORF6 and non-structural protein 1 (NSP1) which together inhibit STAT1 activity (4). The repression of STAT1 thereby instead promotes STAT3 activation and the upregulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), leading to a cascade of events that are key features of COVID-19 (4). These harmful events include thrombosis, production of cytokines and chemokines by macrophages, profibrotic changes, hypoxia, and eventual T-cell lymphopenia (4). These finding suggest that targeting STAT1 and STAT3 might be beneficial therapeutic strategies for treating COVID-19.
References
1. Michel, C. J., Mayenr, C., Poch, O., & Thompson, J. D. (2020). Characterization of accessory genes in coronavirus genomes. Virology journal. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-020-01402-1
2. UniProt (P0DTC6)
3. Yoshimoto F. K. (2020). The Proteins of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2 or n-COV19), the Cause of COVID-19. The protein journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10930-020-09901-4
4. Matsuyama, T., Kubli, S. P., Yoshinaga, S. K., Pfeffer, K., & Mak, T. W. (2020). An aberrant STAT pathway is central to COVID-19. Cell death and differentiation, 1-17. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41418-020-00633-7
5. Miorin, L., Kehrer, T., Sanchez-Aparicio, M. T., Zhang, K., Cohen, P., Patel, R. S., Cupic, A., Makio, T., Mei, M., Moreno, E., Danziger, O., White, K. M., Rathnasinghe, R., Uccellini, M., Gao, S., Aydillo, T., Mena, I., Yin, X., Martin-Sancho, L., Krogan, N. J., ... Garcia-Sastre, A. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 Orf6 hijacks Nup98 to block STAT nuclear import and antagonize interferon signaling. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 202016650. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016650117
Alternate Names
2019-nCoV ORF6, 2019-nCoV ORF6 Protein, Accessory Protein 6, COVID-19 Non-structural protein 6, COVID-19 ns6, COVID-19 ORF6, COVID-19 Protein X3, Human coronavirus ORF6 Protein, Non-structural protein 6, NS6, ORF6 protein, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 Accessory Protein 6, SARS-CoV-2 Non-structural protein 6, SARS-CoV-2 ns6, SARSCoV2 ORF6 Protein, SARS-CoV-2 ORF6 Protein, SARS-CoV-2 Protein X3, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
Gene Symbol
ORF6
Additional SARS-CoV-2 ORF6 Products
Product Documents for SARS-CoV-2 ORF6 Antibody - BSA Free
Product Specific Notices for SARS-CoV-2 ORF6 Antibody - BSA Free
This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.
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