What is the heparin binding activity of FGF and VEGF?

These proteins are not assayed for their ability to bind Heparin. More information about the FGF family of growth factors is available in this review article: Basilico, C. (1992) Adv. Can. Res. 59:115.

Why is the molecular weight of VEGF different from the similar antibody, for some companies the the molecular weight is 40KD)?

I can't comment on another company's antibody because I don't have any information about their products. I can tell you that VEGF is expressed in a variety of isoforms and is subject to various post-translational modifications that influence its apparent molecular weight in an SDS-PAGE gel compared to the theoretical molecular weight.

Porcine VEGF - Ready-To-Use ELISA Kit (Colorimetric) New

Name: Porcine VEGF - Ready-To-Use ELISA Kit (Colorimetric)
Brand: Novus Biologicals
SKU: NBP3-57094

Novus Biologicals, part of Bio-Techne | Catalog # NBP3-57094

Submit a review

Product Datasheet / COA

100% Guarantee

Product Specifications
Precision
Scientific Data
Kit Contents
Preparation & Storage
Background
Product Documents
Specific Notices

Key Product Details

Sample Type & Volume Required Per Well

Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernatants and other biological fluids (100 uL)

Sensitivity

6.3 pg/mL (example only; lot dependent) (example only; lot dependent)

Assay Range

15.6 - 1000 pg/mL (example only; lot dependent)

View all VEGF ELISA Kits »

Product Specifications

Assay Type

Sandwich ELISA

Kit Type

ELISA Kit (Colorimetric)

Reactivity

Porcine

Description

The Ready-To-Use ELISA kit offers pre-diluted detection reagents and a shorter experimental time.
Assay Length: 3 hours

Precision

Intra-Assay Precision (Precision within an assay) %CV < 10 (example only; lot dependent)

Inter-Assay Precision (Precision between assays) %CV < 12 (example only; lot dependent)

Scientific Data Images for Porcine VEGF - Ready-To-Use ELISA Kit (Colorimetric)

ELISA: Porcine VEGF - Ready-To-Use ELISA Kit (Colorimetric) [NBP3-57094]

Kit Contents for Porcine VEGF - Ready-To-Use ELISA Kit (Colorimetric)

Pre-coated 96T strip plate, Plate sealer for 96 wells, Standard, Standard Diluent, Detection Solution A, Detection Solution B, TMB Substrate, Stop Solution, Wash Buffer (30 x concentrate), Instruction manual

Preparation and Storage

Stability & Storage

Storage of components varies. See protocol for specific instructions.

Background: VEGF

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), also called VEGF-A and vascular permeability factor (VPF), is a secreted homodimeric glycoprotein belonging to the VEGF family with a role in stimulating angiogenesis and vasculogenesis (1,2). More specifically, VEGF-A secretion from most cell types contributes to promoting endothelial cell proliferation and migration, inhibiting apoptosis, increasing vascular permeability, and wound healing (1). The VEGF family consists of several members including VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGF-E, VEGF-F, and placenta growth factor (PLGF) (1-4). As a result of alternative splicing of the eight exon VEGFA gene, there are several VEGF-A protein isoforms of 121, 145, 165, 183, 189, and 206 amino acids (aa) in length, with VEGF121 and VEGF165 being the two most expressed isoforms (1,5). Full length VEGF-A monomer has a 26 aa signal sequence plus a 206 aa (VEGF206) sequence, with a theoretic molecular weight (MW) of 27 kDa, containing VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1) and VEGR2 binding sites and heparin-binding domains (1-3,5,6). VEGF121 lacks heparin affinity and binds the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, whereas VEGF165 has moderate affinity for heparin and, in addition to being a ligand for VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, can also bind the co-receptors neuropilin 1 (NRP1) and NRP2 (1,5). Hypoxia and hypoxia-related genes such as HIF-1, EGF, and PDGF are major regulators angiogenesis and VEGF expression (1,3). VEGF signaling initiated by ligand binding to its receptors results in activation of different pathways including PI3K and MAPK and ultimately guides endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and survival (1,3). While VEGF plays an important role in promoting normal angiogenesis and blood vessel formation, its expression is often upregulated in tumors and other angiogenesis-related pathologies like osteroarthritis (OA) (1-5,7). Given its function, VEGF and its receptors have become a therapeutic target for treating cancer and blocking angiogenesis (4,5,7). A recombinant humanized monoclonal anti-VEGFA antibody called bevacizumab (Avastin) was first approved by the FDA in 2004 for the treatment of a number of cancers (1-3,5). Cancer patients may experience resistance to anti-VEGF antibodies and, as such, clinical studies are exploring combination treatment options with chemotherapies and immune-checkpoint inhibitors (3,5).

References

1. Melincovici CS, Bosca AB, susman S, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) - key factor in normal and pathological angiogenesis. Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2018;59(2):455-467.

2. Shaik F, Cuthbert GA, Homer-Vanniasinkam S, Muench SP, Ponnambalam S, Harrison MA. Structural Basis for Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Activation and Implications for Disease Therapy. Biomolecules. 2020;10(12):1673. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10121673

3. Apte RS, Chen DS, Ferrara N. VEGF in Signaling and Disease: Beyond Discovery and Development. Cell. 2019;176(6):1248-1264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.01.021

4. Matsumoto K, Ema M. Roles of VEGF-A signalling in development, regeneration, and tumours. J Biochem. 2014;156(1):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1093/jb/mvu031

5. Itatani Y, Kawada K, Yamamoto T, Sakai Y. Resistance to Anti-Angiogenic Therapy in Cancer-Alterations to Anti-VEGF Pathway. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(4):1232. Published 2018 Apr 18. doi:10.3390/ijms19041232

6. Uniprot (P15692)

7. Hamilton JL, Nagao M, Levine BR, Chen D, Olsen BR, Im HJ. Targeting VEGF and Its Receptors for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis and Associated Pain. J Bone Miner Res. 2016;31(5):911-924. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2828

Long Name

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

Alternate Names

MVCD1, VAS, Vasculotropin, VEGF-A, VEGFA, VPF

Gene Symbol

VEGFA

Additional VEGF Products

Product Documents for Porcine VEGF - Ready-To-Use ELISA Kit (Colorimetric)

Product Datasheets

Download Product Datasheets

COA

Product Specific Notices for Porcine VEGF - Ready-To-Use ELISA Kit (Colorimetric)

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. ELISA Kits are guaranteed for 6 months from date of receipt.

Citations
Reviews

Protocols
FAQs