Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a small, non-enveloped single-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Pavoviridae family in the genus Dependoparvovirus, which requires a helper virus in order to replicate (1-3). The AAV genome consists of a rep and cap gene which are flanked by inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) (1-4). The rep gene encodes for AAV's non-structural proteins that function in replication, packaging, and integration (2-4). The cap gene encodes the structural proteins (VP1, VP2, VP3) that form the viral capsid made up of 60 protein subunits (2-4). Recombinant AAV vectors are generated by replacing the rep and cap genes and inserting a promoter, followed by a transgene, and then a poly-A (pA) tail, flanked by ITRs (3-4). Recombinant vectors are then packaged by providing the rep and cap genes in trans and helper genes for AAV replication (3). AAV vectors have been studied for their potential in human gene therapy and are considered a safe platform given their low immunogenicity and that they are not associated with any known diseases (1-4). Additionally, recombinant AAV vectors are typically non-integrating (1). There are 13 identified human and non-human primate AAV serotypes and over 100 natural AAV variants (2-4). The AAV serotypes are further classified into six clades (A-F) and two clonal isolates (AAV4 and AAV5) according to the VP1 amino acid (aa) sequence (3). These AAV serotypes share ~65-99% sequence identity and ~95-99% structural identity (3). Research has shown that the different AAV serotypes have varying tissue tropism and transduction efficiency based on tissue origin (2). For instance, AAV8 and AAV9 are optimal for transduction in the liver, while AAV2 is ideal for the kidney (2). AAV2 is the best characterized and most commonly used AAV serotype in preclinical studies and clinical trials (4). AAV vectors have been employed in a number oncology models for their ability to carry and deliver a variety of factors including anti-angiogenic genes, suicide genes, tumor suppressors, cytokines, and monoclonal antibodies (4). Advances in engineering AAV vectors and combining AAV gene delivery with other treatment modalities, like chemotherapeutics, is promising for the future of human gene therapy (2-4).

References

1. Zengel J, Carette JE. Structural and cellular biology of adeno-associated virus attachment and entry. Adv Virus Res. 2020;106:39-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aivir.2020.01.002

2. Wu Z, Asokan A, Samulski RJ. Adeno-associated virus serotypes: vector toolkit for human gene therapy. Mol Ther. 2006;14(3):316-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2006.05.009

3. Drouin LM, Agbandje-McKenna M. Adeno-associated virus structural biology as a tool in vector development. Future Virol. 2013;8(12):1183-1199. https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl.13.112

4. Santiago-Ortiz JL, Schaffer DV. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors in cancer gene therapy. J Control Release. 2016;240:287-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.001

Alternate Names

Adenovirus 4, AdV 4

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Product Specific Notices for AAV4 VP3 Antibody [Alexa Fluor™ Plus 647]

This product is provided under an intellectual property license from Life Technologies Corporation. The transfer of this product is conditioned on the buyer using the purchased product solely in research conducted by the buyer, excluding contract research or any fee for service research, and the buyer must not (1) use this product or its components for (a) diagnostic, therapeutic or prophylactic purposes; (b) testing, analysis or screening services, or information in return for compensation on a per-test basis; or (c) manufacturing or quality assurance or quality control, and/or (2) sell or transfer this product or its components for resale, whether or not resold for use in research. For information on purchasing a license to this product for purposes other than as described above, contact Life Technologies Corporation, 5781 Van Allen Way, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA or outlicensing@thermofisher.com. This conjugate is made on demand. Actual recovery may vary from the stated volume of this product. The volume will be greater than or equal to the unit size stated on the datasheet.

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

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AAV4 VP3 Antibody [Alexa Fluor™ Plus 647]

Novus Biologicals, part of Bio-Techne | Catalog # NB100-93576AFP647

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