Detects recombinant human Activin A in ELISAs. Also recognizes Activin A precursor. The amino acid sequences of mature betaA subunits from human, mouse and rat are identical. Therefore, this antibody will also detect the mature betaA subunit from mouse and rat.

Clonality

Monoclonal

Host

Mouse

Isotype

IgG₁

Endotoxin Level

<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.

Scientific Data Images for Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A betaA subunit Antibody

Hemoglobin Expression Induced by Activin A and Neutralization by Human/ Mouse/Rat Activin A Antibody.

Recombinant Human/Mouse/ Rat Activin A (Catalog # 338-AC) increases hemoglobin expression in the K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line in a dose-dependent manner (orange line), as measured by the psuedoperoxidase assay. Hemoglobin Expression elicited by Recombinant Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A (7.5 ng/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Goat Anti-Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A betaA subunit Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB3381). The ND₅₀ is typically 0.02-0.06 µg/mL.

Detection of Activin A betaA subunit by Immunohistochemistry

Activin A levels are significantly higher in tumor tissue and correlate to worse prognosis in PDAC. (A) Representative cores of pancreatic tumors from a human pancreatic tissue microarray stained with H&E to assess the percentage of epithelial versus stromal cells in each core. Adjacent sections were immunostained for activin A expression. (B) Quantification of the percentage of epithelial cells (left panel) or stromal cells (right panel) in normal tissue (white bar) versus tumor tissue (black bar). Statistical analysis is unpaired t-test. (C) Quantification of activin A in TMA (n = 63). An average of the percentage of epithelial and stromal fraction was calculated and scored in each TMA. Comparing epithelial (left panel) and stromal fraction (right panel) in normal tissue (white bar) versus tumor tissue (black bar). Statistical analysis 2-way ANOVA; mean ± SEM, ***(p < 0.001). (D) Kaplan–Meier plots of patient overall survival versus expression of activin A in either epithelial cells (left panel) or stromal cells (right panel). Statistical analysis Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test, ** (p < 0.01), ***(p < 0.001). Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33846512), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

Detection of Activin A betaA subunit by Immunohistochemistry

Inhibition of activin A in KPC mice significantly reduces metastasis. (A) Time course of anti-activin A neutralizing antibody injected in mice weekly (2 mg/kg). Control animals were injected with the same concentration of IgG isotype. Remaining animals were collected at the end of week 13 of treatment. (B) Representative image (×4 magnification) of H&E staining of pancreas from control treated (IgG) and anti-activin A treated KPC mice IHC-stained for either alpha-SMA (to indicate stromal cells) or activin A. Representative stromal cells marked by arrows. (C) Representative image (×4 magnification) of H&E staining of pancreas used for quantification of CN (yellow arrow) cystic lesions. Quantification of lesions is documented in both IgG control and anti-activin A antibody treated mice. (D) Left panel: Representative images (×10 and ×40 magnification) of liver tissue from control treated versus anti-activin A treated KPC mice stained with H&E (upper panel) or ductal marker protein CK19 (Lower panel). Right panel: Quantification of distant metastatic formation in the liver tissue of control (n = 5) and treated (n = 7) mice. Statistical analysis unpaired Student t-test (ns: not significant). Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33846512), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

Detection of Activin A betaA subunit by Immunohistochemistry

Detection of Activin A betaA subunit by Western Blot

Specific activin A inhibition attenuates TGF beta1-induced Smad3 activation and profibrotic responses in MC. a ELISA demonstrates that TGF beta1 (24 h) increases actA and actB secretion (n = 3) to 19.5 ng/ml and 2.5 ng/ml, representing an 8.9- and 1.06-fold induction respectively. b TGF beta1 increases actA in whole cell lysate by 1.8-fold (n = 3). c ActA (20 ng/ml) upregulates FN (n = 3–4), CTGF (n = 4) and alphaSMA (n = 6) at 48 h. d TGF beta1 and actA both increase Smad3 transcriptional activity; no synergistic effect is seen (n = 6–12). e An actA neutralizing antibody attenuates TGF beta1-induced FN (n = 5–6), alphaSMA (n = 5), CTGF (n = 5–6), and Smad3 activation (n = 10–12). f ActA neutralization decreases TGF beta1-induced Smad3 transcriptional activity at 24 h (n = 9–15), but this is not decreased by actB neutralization (n = 6) (g). h MC were stimulated with TGF beta1 or actA for 1 h, then treated with their type I receptor inhibitor SB431542 (50 µM). Restimulation with the same ligand shows that cells become refractory to TGF beta1, but not actA (n = 4). *, **, ***, ****P < 0.05, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001; one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons post hoc test Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36717814), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

Detection of Activin A betaA subunit by Western Blot

Detection of Activin A betaA subunit by Immunohistochemistry

Activin A neutralization inhibits renal fibrosis in TGF beta1-overexpressing mice. a TGF beta1 transcript is increased in mice genetically engineered to overexpress TGF beta1 (HH) compared with wild-type mice (WT) (n = 6–7, *p ≤ 0.05). b Serum actA is elevated in wild-type and HH mice after UUO. This is decreased by treatment with a neutralizing actA antibody (anti-actA) in HH mice. c Renal actA is increased after UUO, with a greater induction in HH mice. Both are attenuated by actA neutralization. Boxed areas are shown at higher magnification immediately below. ActA increases are seen particularly in tubular epithelial cells. d Renal alphaSMA, fibronectin (FN), pSmad3 and MRTF-A are increased after UUO and this is augmented in HH kidneys. Expression of all is attenuated by actA neutralization in both WT and HH kidneys. (n = 6–9) *, **, ***, ****P < 0.05, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001; one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons post hoc test where there are > 2 groups; t-test for 2 groups Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36717814), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

Detection of Activin A betaA subunit by Western Blot

Activin inhibition attenuates TGF beta1-induced fibrotic responses and Smad3 activation in MC. Activin inhibition with follistatin (FST) decreases TGF beta1-induced: a FN, alphaSMA and CTGF upregulation at 48 h (n = 5), b Smad3 phosphorylation (pSmad3) at 24 h (n = 5), c Smad3 nuclear translocation as assessed using eGFP-Smad3 (n = 3; 25–30 cells quantified per treatment group) at 24 h, and d Smad3 transcriptional activity at 24 h (n = 8). e Time course experiments show increases in pSmad3 occur earlier (30–60 min) with TGF beta1 (n = 4) compared with actA (n = 4) or actB (n = 3) (18–48 h). *, **, ***, ****P < 0.05, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001; one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons post hoc test Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36717814), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

Detection of Activin A betaA subunit by Western Blot

Detection of Activin A betaA subunit by Immunohistochemistry

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Applications for Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A betaA subunit Antibody

Application

Recommended Usage

Neutralization

Measured by its ability to neutralize Activin A-induced hemoglobin expression in the K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line. The Neutralization Dose (ND₅₀) is typically 0.02-0.06 µg/mL in the presence of 7.5 ng/mL Recombinant Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A.

Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A Sandwich Immunoassay

ELISA Capture (Matched Antibody Pair)

Recommended Concentration: 2-8 µg/mL
Use in combination with these reagents:

Detection Reagent: Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A betaA subunit Biotinylated Antibody (Catalog # BAM3381)
Standard: Recombinant Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A Protein (Catalog # 338-AC)

Please Note: Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Reviewed Applications

Read 2 reviews rated 5 using MAB3381 in the following applications:

Block/Neutralize (1 Review)
ELISA (1 Review)

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Purification

Protein A or G purified from hybridoma culture supernatant

Reconstitution

Reconstitute at 0.5 mg/mL in sterile PBS. For liquid material, refer to CoA for concentration.

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.

Shipping

Lyophilized product is shipped at ambient temperature. Liquid small pack size (-SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: Activin A

Activin and Inhibin are members of the TGF-beta superfamily of cytokines and are involved in a wide range of biological processes including tissue morphogenesis and repair, fibrosis, inflammation, neural development, hematopoiesis, reproductive system function, and carcinogenesis (1‑7). Activin and Inhibin are produced as precursor proteins. Their amino terminal propeptides are proteolytically cleaved and facilitate formation of disulfide-linked dimers of the bioactive proteins (8, 9). Activins are nonglycosylated homodimers or heterodimers of various beta subunits ( betaA, betaB, betaC, and betaE in mammals), while Inhibins are heterodimers of a unique alpha subunit and one of the beta subunits. Activin A is a widely expressed homodimer of two betaA chains. The betaA subunit can also heterodimerize with a betaB or betaC subunit to form Activin AB and Activin AC, respectively (10). The 14 kDa mature human betaA chain shares 100% amino acid sequence identity with bovine, feline, mouse, porcine, and rat betaA. Activin A exerts its biological activities by binding to the type 2 serine/threonine kinase Activin RIIA which then noncovalently associates with the type 1 serine/threonine kinase Activin RIB/ALK-4 (7, 11). Signaling through this receptor complex leads to Smad activation and regulation of activin-responsive gene transcription (7, 11). The bioactivity of Activin A is regulated by a variety of mechanisms (11). BAMBI, Betaglycan, and Cripto are cell-associated molecules that function as decoy receptors or limit the ability of Activin A to induce receptor complex assembly (12‑14). The intracellular formation of Activin A can be prevented by the incorporation of the betaA subunit into Activin AC or Inhibin A (3, 10). And the bioavailability of Activin A is restricted by its incorporation into inactive complexes with alpha2-Macroglobulin, Follistatin, and FLRG (15, 16).

References

Kumanov, P. et al. (2005) Reprod. Biomed. Online 10:786.
Maeshima, A. et al. (2008) Endocr. J. 55:1.
Rodgarkia-Dara, C. et al. (2006) Mutat. Res. 613:123.
Werner, S. and C. Alzheimer (2006) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 17:157.
Xu, P. and A.K. Hall (2006) Dev. Biol. 299:303.
Shav-Tal, Y. and D. Zipori (2002) Stem Cells 20:493.
Chen, Y.G. et al. (2006) Exp. Biol. Med. 231:534.
Gray, A.M. and A.J. Mason (1990) Science 247:1328.
Mason, A.J. et al. (1996) Mol. Endocrinol. 10:1055.
Thompson, T.B. et al. (2004) Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 225:9.
Harrison, C.A. et al. (2005) Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 16:73.
Onichtchouk, D. et al. (1999) Nature 401:480.
Gray, P.C. et al. (2002) Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 188:254.
Kelber, J.A. et al. (2008) J. Biol. Chem. 283:4490.
Phillips, D.J. et al. (1997) J. Endocrinol. 155:65.
Schneyer, A. et al. (2003) Endocrinology 144:1671.

Alternate Names

activin AB alpha polypeptide, Activin beta-A chain, erythroid differentiation factor, Erythroid differentiation protein, follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing protein, FSH-releasing protein, inhibin beta A chain, inhibin beta A subunit, Inhibin, beta-1

Entrez Gene IDs

3624 (Human); 16323 (Mouse); 29200 (Rat)

Gene Symbol

INHBA

Additional Activin A Products

Product Documents for Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A betaA subunit Antibody

Product Datasheets

Download Product Datasheets

COA

SDS

Download SDS

Product Specific Notices for Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A betaA subunit Antibody

For research use only

Citations
Reviews

Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A betaA subunit Antibody

R&D Systems, part of Bio-Techne | Catalog # MAB3381

Key Product Details

Species Reactivity

Validated:

Cited:

Applications

Validated:

Cited:

Label

Antibody Source

View all Activin A Antibodies »

Product Specifications

Immunogen

Specificity

Clonality

Host

Isotype

Endotoxin Level

Scientific Data Images for Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A betaA subunit Antibody

Hemoglobin Expression Induced by Activin A and Neutralization by Human/ Mouse/Rat Activin A Antibody.

Detection of Activin A betaA subunit by Immunohistochemistry

Detection of Activin A betaA subunit by Immunohistochemistry

Detection of Activin A betaA subunit by Immunohistochemistry

Detection of Activin A betaA subunit by Western Blot

Detection of Activin A betaA subunit by Western Blot

Detection of Activin A betaA subunit by Immunohistochemistry

Detection of Activin A betaA subunit by Western Blot

Detection of Activin A betaA subunit by Western Blot

Detection of Activin A betaA subunit by Immunohistochemistry

Applications for Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A betaA subunit Antibody

Neutralization

Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A Sandwich Immunoassay

Reviewed Applications

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Purification

Reconstitution

Formulation

Shipping

Stability & Storage

Background: Activin A

References

Alternate Names

Entrez Gene IDs

Gene Symbol

Additional Activin A Products

Product Documents for Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A betaA subunit Antibody

Product Datasheets

COA

Certificate of Analysis

SDS

Product Specific Notices for Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A betaA subunit Antibody