Key Product Details

Species Reactivity

Human

Applications

Immunohistochemistry

Label

Unconjugated

Antibody Source

Monoclonal Mouse IgG2A Clone # 1039204

View all PlGF-4 Antibodies »

Product Specifications

Immunogen

Human embryonic kidney cell, HEK293-derived human PlGF-4 protein
Leu19-Arg242
Accession # P49763-4

Specificity

Detects human PIGF-4 in direct ELISAs

Clonality

Monoclonal

Host

Mouse

Isotype

IgG2A

Scientific Data Images for Human PlGF-4 Antibody

PlGF-4 in Human placenta.

PlGF-4 was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human placenta using Mouse Anti-Human PlGF-4 Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB26441) at 5 µg/mL for 1 hour at room temperature followed by incubation with the Anti-Mouse IgG VisUCyte™ HRP Polymer Antibody (VC001). Before incubation with the primary antibody, tissue was subjected to heat-induced epitope retrieval using Antigen Retrieval Reagent-Basic (CTS013). Tissue was stained using DAB (brown) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). Specific staining was localized to Syncytiotrophoblast. Staining was performed using our protocol for IHC Staining with VisUCyte HRP Polymer Detection Reagents.

Applications for Human PlGF-4 Antibody

Application
Recommended Usage

Immunohistochemistry

5-25 µg/mL
Sample: Immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human placenta

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Purification

Protein A or G purified from hybridoma culture supernatant

Reconstitution

Reconstitute at 0.5 mg/mL in sterile PBS. For liquid material, refer to CoA for concentration.

Reconstitution Buffer Available:
Size / Price
Qty

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.

Shipping

Lyophilized product is shipped at ambient temperature. Liquid small pack size (-SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: PlGF-4

Placenta growth factor (PlGF or PGF) is an approximately 55-60 kDa member of the PDGF/VEGF family of secreted growth factors that share a conserved pattern of eight cysteines (1). Alternative splicing generates multiple human PlGF isoforms containing 131 (PlGF‑1), 152 (PlGF‑2), 203 (PlGF‑3), or 224 (PlGF-4) amino acids (aa) (2, 3). Mature human PlGF shares 66% and 63% aa sequence identity with comparable regions of mouse and rat PlGF, respectively. PlGF is expressed as a variably glycosylated disulfide linked homodimer by villous trophoblasts and decidual cells, with smaller amounts in erythroblasts, keratinocytes and some endothelial cells
(3-6). Circulating PlGF increases during pregnancy, reaching a peak in mid‑gestation; this increase is attenuated in preeclampsia (7). Postnatally, mice lacking PlGF show impaired angiogenesis in response to ischemia (8). PlGF binds and signals through VEGF R1/Flt‑1 and Neuropilins (some isoforms), but not VEGF R2/Flk‑1/KDR (8-10). In contrast, VEGF binds both VEGF R1 and R2, but signals mainly through the angiogenic receptor, VEGF R2. PlGF and VEGF therefore compete for binding to VEGF R1, resulting in a PlGF inhibition of VEGF/VEGF R1 binding coupled to a subsequent promotion of VEGF/VEGF R2‑mediated angiogenesis (8, 9). However, PlGF (especially PlGF‑1) and some forms of VEGF can form heterodimers that alter the angiogenic effect of VEGF on VEGF R2 (4, 9). PlGF induces monocyte activation, migration, and production of inflammatory cytokines and VEGF (1). These activities facilitate wound and bone fracture healing and also contribute to inflammation in active sickle cell disease and atherosclerosis (1, 5, 6, 8, 11-13).

References

  1. Dewerchin, M. and P. Carmeliet (2012) Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med. 2:a011056.
  2. Cao, Y. et al. (1997) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 253:493.
  3. Yang, W. et al. (2003) J. Reprod. Immunol. 60:53.
  4. Eriksson, A. et al. (2002) Cancer Cell 1:99.
  5. Oura, H. et al. (2003) Blood 101:560.
  6. Roncal, C. et al. (2010) Cardiovasc. Res. 86:29.
  7. Levine, R.J. et al. (2004) N. Engl. J. Med. 350:672.
  8. Carmeliet, P. et al. (2001) Nat. Med. 7:575.
  9. Autiero, M. et al. (2003) Nat. Med. 9:936.
  10. Migdal, M. et al. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273:22272.
  11. Perelman, N. et al. (2003) Blood 102:1506.
  12. Cianfarani, F. et al. (2006) Am. J. Pathol. 169:1167.
  13. Maes, C. et al. (2006) J. Clin. Invest. 116:1230.

Long Name

Placenta Growth Factor 4

Alternate Names

PlGF4

Entrez Gene IDs

5228 (Human)

Gene Symbol

PGF

UniProt

P49763-4

Additional PlGF-4 Products

Product Documents for Human PlGF-4 Antibody

Product Datasheets

Certificate of Analysis

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Note: Certificate of Analysis not available for kit components.

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Product Specific Notices for Human PlGF-4 Antibody

For research use only

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