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Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Purification

Protein A or G purified from hybridoma culture supernatant

Formulation

Supplied in a saline solution containing BSA and Sodium Azide.

Shipping

The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Protect from light. Do not freeze.

12 months from date of receipt, 2 to 8 °C as supplied.

Background: EN-RAGE/S100A12

EN-RAGE, also known as S100A12 and Calgranulin C, is a 10 kDa member of the S100 (soluble in 100% saturated ammonium sulfate) family of EF-hand calcium-binding proteins. Like other S100 proteins, S100A12 is small and generally acidic (1‑3). EN-RAGE forms noncovalent homodimers in the absence of divalent cations (4‑6); calcium and zinc promote the formation of higher order assemblies including tetramers and hexamers (4, 7, 8). The ability of S100A12 to chelate zinc enables it to inhibit the zinc-dependent metalloproteases MMP-2, -3, and -9 (8). S100A12 also forms heterodimers with S100A9 and binds to RAGE (Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products), Annexin V, and several cytosolic enzymes involved in energy metabolism (9, 10). The hexameric form of EN-RAGE in particular binds RAGE with high affinity (7). EN-RAGE induces a variety of inflammatory responses including the in vivo recruitment of neutrophils, monocytes, and mast cells and the activation of mast cells and vascular endothelial cells (9, 11‑14). EN-RAGE is found at elevated levels under inflammatory conditions such as asthma, gout, rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid, and atherosclerosis (8, 12, 14). S100A12 also promotes neurite outgrowth in isolated hippocampal neurons (15). An ortholog of S100A12 has not been identified in rodents, but the human protein is functional in mice and rats (11‑16).

References

Santamaria-Kisiel, L. et al. (2006) Biochem. J. 396:201.
Leclerc, E. et al. (2009) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1793:993.
Wicki, R. et al. (1996) Cell Calcium 20:459.
Moroz, O.V. et al. (2009) BMC Biochem. 10:11.
Miranda, L.P. et al. (2001) FEBS Lett. 488:85.
Vogl, T. et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274:25291.
Xie, J. et al. (2007) J. Biol. Chem. 282:4218.
Goyette, J. et al. (2009) J. Immunol. 183:593.
Hatakeyama, T. et al. (2004) Eur. J. Biochem. 271:3765.
Hofmann, M.A. et al. (1999) Cell 97:889.
Yang, Z. et al. (2001) J. Leukoc. Biol. 69:986.
Rouleau, P. et al. (2003) Clin. Immunol. 107:46.
Yan, W.X. et al. (2008) J. Biol. Chem. 283:13035.
Yang, Z. et al. (2007) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 119:106.
Mikkelsen, S.E. et al. (2001) J. Neurochem. 79:767.
Fuellen, G. et al. (2004) OMICS 8:334.

Long Name

Extracellular Newly Identified RAGE-binding Protein

Alternate Names

CAAF1, CAAFI, CAGC, CAGCS100, Calgranulin C, ENRAGE, MRP6, S100A12

Entrez Gene IDs

6283 (Human)

Gene Symbol

S100A12

UniProt

P80511

Additional EN-RAGE/S100A12 Products

Product Documents for Human EN-RAGE/S100A12 PE-conjugated Antibody

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COA

SDS

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Product Specific Notices for Human EN-RAGE/S100A12 PE-conjugated Antibody

For research use only

Citations
Reviews

Human EN-RAGE/S100A12 PE-conjugated Antibody

R&D Systems, part of Bio-Techne | Catalog # FAB10521P

Key Product Details

Species Reactivity

Applications

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Product Specifications

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Applications for Human EN-RAGE/S100A12 PE-conjugated Antibody

Flow Cytometry